{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":31,"pdf_page":38,"physical_index":38,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6cc93d20b3732c0f491cc4fa26ec66b4a0e5804232a0ca1115248bc07167e1b2"},"chapter":"第一章 唯物辩证法","content":"(三)结构和环境\n\n相关具体范畴源于更抽象的范畴，仅仅从这方面重构具体是有局限性的，因为系统的分析是独立于背景的，而具体既取决于结构和趋势，又取决于主体、相反趋势、背景和偶然性。②趋势系统地产生于系统结构，而相反趋势能够引起任何程度的抽象，并且它能改变任何程度的范畴的意义。③因此，即使上述批判并不成立，即使“新辩证法”能够抓住资本主义在结构上的决定因素，但它忽略了具体的历史性决定因素，也使它无法解释相反趋势，无法解释趋势与相反趋势相互作用的背景。④若想做到这一点，只能靠从范畴系统外部吸取历史材料，这是“新辩证法”通常不愿做或做不到的。因此，“新辩证法”通常不能精确地解释资本主义的结构，不能解释经验的分析。①\n\n第一章 唯物辩证法\n\n①参见 Clark (1991)，Holloway(1994) 和 Lebowitz(1994)。\n\n② “马克思对概念极度谦恭，这使他认为偶然性’极为重要。也许偶然性在抽象的概念分析中尚未有一席之地，但它由于其历史实在性而具有真理性，而且，它的具体性必定融入了社会对象的充分发展之中。”（Fracchia and Ryan1992, p. 60)\n\n③在对利润率下降趋势的分析中(Capital 3，part 3)，马克思证明这种抽象的趋势并不意味着这种趋势的实际存在，因为具有不同程度的影响力的一些相反趋势也影响利润率（参见 Fine 1989，ch.10；1992；and Reuten 1997)。\n\n④ 出于类似的理由，Thompson(1978，p. 253)批判了Althusser的著作，因为对Althusser来说，“一旦资本已经在这个阶段出现，资本的自我发展就取决于范畴内固有的逻辑，各种关系也就得到了保证……资本是个运转着的范畴，规定了自身发展的规律，而资本主义就是这些规律的社会形态的效果。这种分析方式必定是反历史的……这是在唯物主义中发现的思维的极端方式，因为资本已经变成了观念，它在历史中不展开自身”。还可以参见Thompson(1978，pp. 275-276,290, 345, 355), Albritton (1999), Bonefeld (1992), Callariand Ruccio(1996), Holloway(1992) 和Resnick and Wolff (1996)。\n\n31","previous_page":30,"next_page":32}