{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":45,"pdf_page":52,"physical_index":52,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5afff465c47593deb77bc6878e0e6af48e91c17215384cb9a63ffd08e9b371b4"},"chapter":"第二章 理解马克思的价值理论","content":"间接地看，斯拉法的分析对马克思主义研究中生产方式与分配结构之关系的研究意义重大。然而，斯拉法的方式在一些方面并不充分，他对马克思的批判受到了令人信服的驳斥。③接下来，简要地评价一下斯拉法对马克思的批判中的两个方面：价值方程的缺陷，以及他无力对资本主义生产关系做出令人满意的表述。\n\n价值方程（λ=λA+l)规定了商品的价值等于投入的价值（λA）加上生产商品所必需的活劳动的价值（l)。虽然这个方程正确表达了马克思对价值的定义（参见第五章)，但是，它并不适合商品价值的计算。让我们分析为何如此。\n\n简单起见，无论平均生产技术是怎样被决定的，我们都假设矩阵A表达了平均生产技术。同样的，让我们假设矢量l表达了（从事印刷、建筑、组装等工作的）把投入转化成产品所必需的个别劳动时间的平均值。即便在最大胆的假设下，矢量l也不能直接被用来计算生产出来的价值，因为这个矢量测量的是具体劳动而非抽象劳动。由于这些劳动性质不同，通过它们进行的任何操作都没有意义。①同样的道理，不同实践活动中的雇佣劳动（无论它们有没有融为一体)，由于所受训练和其他方面的不同，有可能每小时生产出不同的价值量，例如，设计汽车并为之喷漆，或者新建房屋并为之装修（参见第五章第三节）。\n\n第二章 理解马克思的价值理论\n\n① Brödy (1974), Dmitriev(1974), Hodgson (1981), Vegara i Carrio (1978)和Wolff（1984）提出了这种论证：任何商品都有可能受到“剥削”。在这种方法里，持异议者通过（由劳动力的非商品方面而来的）体系的不对称，以图挽救劳动的角色(例如 Bowles and Gintis 1981)。至于相关的批判，参见 Glick andEhrbar(1986 -87) 和 M. Smith(1994b)。\n\n② 参见Morishima（1974)；与此相关的批判，参见Mohun（2000）和Naples(1989)。\n\n③ 对斯拉法的详细批判，参见 Fine(1980)，Fine and Harris(1979，ch.2)， Gleicher (1985 - 86), Goode (1973), Kliman and McGlone (1988), Ramos - Martínez and Rodríguez – Herrera (1996), Rowthorn (1980, ch. 1), Savran (1979, 1980, 1984), Schwartz (1977), Shaikh (1977, 1981, 1982, 1984), M. Smith (1994a,pp. 77-94)和Yaffe(1974)。\n\n45","previous_page":44,"next_page":46}