{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":51,"pdf_page":58,"physical_index":58,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"152252e4ff4fb3e58a6b7ce479cd5e3e8a5cb05ab16f73a541ef0d767f2808a4"},"chapter":"第二章 理解马克思的价值理论","content":"然而，这种主张——独立性是商品生产的本质特征——让鲁宾传统把资本主义的生产关系当作简单的价值关系。结果，虽然对价值分析很重要，但这个传统对我们理解资本和资本主义帮助不大。\n\n对价值关系的关注表明，商品经济本质上是生产者（尤其是不隶属于社会劳动分工的生产者）的集合。由于独立和专业化，生产者必须出售他们自己的货物或服务，以便要求社会产品为自己所消费。换句话说，在这种社会中，生产本质上是为了消费，而私人的具体劳动在分析上优先于社会的抽象劳动，其存在唯有在出售前才是理想的。劳动的均等化、抽象化和社会化取决于出售，而商品价值取决于交换得来的货币的价值。出售失败表明生产这种商品的决定是错误的，货物是无用的，以及劳动并未创造价值。②\n\n第二章 理解马克思的价值理论\n\n① 参见 de Brunhoff (1978b), Reuten and Williams(1989) 和 de Vroey (1981,pp. 184–186;1985, pp. 45-46)。\n\n② 鲁宾意识到这个论证站不住脚：“有人批判说我们的概念会导向这种结论—抽象劳动只能产生于交换活动，因而价值也只能产生于交换。”(Rubin1975，p.147；还可以参见1978，p.12)他想通过区分两种交换形式以避免这种困难：作为生产过程的社会形式的交换，以及作为再生产的一个阶段—它与生产轮番上演——的交换。鲁宾（1975，pp.95，100-101，144-151；1978，(转下页注）\n\n51","previous_page":50,"next_page":52}