{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":79,"pdf_page":86,"physical_index":86,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"109dcc71e921ea8304aab5cfa474245cc8ace02a2cc85b18ee9928659f36bf76"},"chapter":"第三章 价值和资本","content":"马克思把“生产性”资本雇佣的劳动（或更准确地说，在生产阶段的资本所雇佣的劳动）与商品资本、货币资本雇佣的劳动(或更准确地说，在流通阶段的资本所雇佣的劳动)区分开来。唯有前一种类型的劳动是“生产性的”，原因不在于它生产货物，而在于它是由“生产性”的资本雇佣的……劳动的生产性特征是资本的生产性特征的表达。①\n\n生产劳动和非生产劳动之间的区分，以及这些劳动类型和通常不被看作劳动的其他活动（非商业性活动，例如家务、园艺、照料孩子等，参见第一章第一节）之间的区分，巩固了剩余价值的概念。这种区分具有历史的特殊性，它并没有利用实践活动的有用性或自身结果的重要性，它只不过反映了这些活动是在什么社会关系下展开的。\n\n第三节 结论\n\n马克思的价值理论从这个本体论原则开始：人类社会的再生产和变革，都是通过劳动实现的。劳动及其产品被社会区分开，而且在资本主义条件下，劳动的过程和产物取决于资产阶级对生产方式的垄断，取决于劳动力的商品化和劳动产品的商品形式。在这种情况下，劳动产品通常采取了价值形式，经济剥削建立在榨取剩余价值的基础上。换句话说，资本关系包括很多内容：对生产方式的垄断，工资和两个巨大的、互为条件的社会阶级不断地再生产自身，资本家以及工人。①\n\n第三章 价值和资本\n\n①参见Rubin(1975，p. 269)，还可以参见 Capital3（pp. 406-408，413-416）。即便非生产性工人不生产剩余价值，他们仍旧受剥削，因为他们的工作时间的价值大于他们的工资所代表的价值，参见Foley（1986，pp.120-122)。\n\n79","previous_page":78,"next_page":80}