{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":83,"pdf_page":90,"physical_index":90,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bc7c061bbd119b8103a7f839c1f1f2bee380b1d5bd7c3e3abbc20d6570074109"},"chapter":"第四章 工资和剥削","content":"剥削是一个社会性（全社会的）现象……因此，剩余价值的数量和剩余价值率首先是社会性的或全社会的，而不是每个工厂的剩余价值和剩余价值率的积累……从每个行业的工资和利润关系开始，以图确定一般剩余价值，这忽视了资本主义生产的社会本性，忽视了劳动分工的复杂性。实际上，它预设了每个工人独立地生产维持生计的东西。在现实中，每个工人劳动着，并获得了对社会中生产的全部价值的权利。继而，他交换这种权利，反对使用价值的积累，使用价值是所有工人联合起来合作劳动的结果。①\n\n第二，交换使商品价格与商品价值出现系统的差异。结果，利润-工资率有可能不同于生产必需品和生产剩余产品所需要的抽象劳动—马克思称之为必要劳动时间和剩余劳动时间—的比例（参见后文）。第三，工资、价格和利润取决于市场价格，不管生产条件怎么变化（尤其是信用体系发展起来以后），它们都有很大的波动。\n\n第四章 工资和剥削\n\n①参见Weeks(1981，pp.64，71-72)。由此可知，“剩余价值率作为社会积累而存在，它不依赖于任何具体的产业。这来自劳动力价值的社会本性，因此，认为剩余价值率随行业的不同而不同，认为剩余价值率是不同行业平均值的累加，这些看法都不正确”（p.170)。与此相反的观点，参见Duménil（1980，pp. 76-77)和 Gerstein(1986,p. 65)。\n\n83","previous_page":82,"next_page":84}