{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":84,"pdf_page":91,"physical_index":91,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3b5001ed46a2b0f922e789307deadaa20a9ee2c7276e77e6693b375ba0c8f4aa"},"chapter":"第四章 工资和剥削","content":"总的来看，物质层面对剥削的分析表明了不同剥削方式的共性，但它不能找出每种剥削方式的特性。与之相比，宏观经济层面对资本主义剥削的分析很有用，因为它以经验研究为基础。然而，它关注剥削的某种结果（而非原因），即工人没能力拥有全部净产品；而且它具有潜在的误导性，因为利润-工资率只是衡量剥削的粗略标准。\n\n第三，价值分析能为资本主义剥削的本质下定义，把它与其他剥削方式区分开来，并且有助于经验性研究。价值分析与剩余价值方式有共同之处，它暗示了工人受剥削的原因：工人工作的时间长于生产他们所消耗、所控制的商品所必需的时间。①马克思所说必需品指的是工人阶级占有的货物，它们由必要劳动生产出来，它们的价值是劳动力的价值（参见本章第二节）。与之相比，资本家占有剩余产品，即由剩余劳动所创造的、其价值是剩余价值的东西。\n\n必需品和剩余产品的存在，以及社会劳动时间分化为必要劳动和剩余劳动，是任何生产方式下的剥削都会有的结果。然而，劳动力价值和剩余价值两个概念以及它们的表现形式—工资和利润(包括产业和商业利润、利息和租金)，是资本主义的必要因素；因为在这种生产方式中，唯有剥削是价值关系和商品形式的中介。\n\n马克思的价值：当代资本主义政治经济学批判\n\n①“剩余价值表现在（实际存在于）剩余产品中，即超过仅仅补偿产品原有要素、因而加入产品生产费用的那部分产品（如果把不变资本和可变资本合起来计算，这部分产品就等于预付在生产中的资本）之上的剩余产品中。”（Theo-ries of Surplus Value 1， p. 213) 还可 以参见 pp. 389 - 390 和 Capital 1 (pp. 978，992)。\n\n84","previous_page":83,"next_page":85}