{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":93,"pdf_page":100,"physical_index":100,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"de1816a25417880e971d21854d71fe84400b10c7b014b176c900c8ec94ae66a0"},"chapter":"第四章 工资和剥削","content":"就净产值分配展开的斗争……是间接的，因为与工资水平的确定相呼应的利润水平的确定以生产过程为中介。换句话说，这种思考是错误的：在虚构出来的生产周期结束后，存在着特定的净产值要在资本家和工人之间分配。采纳这种理论框架，就是在分配关系上对称地对待资本与劳动，然而资本流通总量揭示了它们的地位一点儿都不对称。①\n\n更普遍地说，资本和劳动关系在以下层面上是不对称的。（1）为了平等而讨价还价的工资关系不过是个假象，因为讨价还价的一方垄断了生产条件，而另一方急需工资以便活下去。(2)当资本家以给定的工资（甚至拖欠工资）购买劳动力时，资本循环开始了。与之相比，利润是完成了工资和其他生产消费的支出后剩余的东西。在现实中，生产完成的时候，根本没有一个特定的蛋糕等着被分配。(3）购买了劳动力之后，资本家必定迫使工人生产比劳动力价值更多的价值，这种不同取决于生产中的阶级冲突。（4）决定产品水平和构成以及未来投资的，只能是资本家。\n\n生产领域也被加进来以后……无论在分配关系上还是在国民收入中获取利润和工资上，资本与劳动的表面的对称性消失了，因为工资的支付是生产过程开始的前提条件（或者更准确地说，购买劳动力确实是这样的，购买之后很快就要支付)。利润是生产过程的结果或产物，而不是支付工资以后所占有的利益份额。结果，即使工资更低一些时利润会更高一些，资本和劳动的分配关系也不具有多样性……毋宁说，利润首先依赖于资本家从生产过程榨取剩余价值的能力；无论工资水平如何，资本家都要强迫工人劳动，并使劳动时间长于生产出这些工资所需要的时间。①\n\n第四章 工资和剥削\n\n① 参见 Fine(1980，pp. 22-23)。还可以参见Capital1(pp.712-713)，Theoriesof Surplus Value 1 (p. 315), Gleicher (1989), Rowthorn (1980, pp. 38 - 39)和 Saad - Filho(1996a)。\n\n93","previous_page":92,"next_page":94}