{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":95,"pdf_page":102,"physical_index":102,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"73ec2dc67debfc5004daea7e7279c55c9d6d0ba411168c831aee1e3391be9be3"},"chapter":"第四章 工资和剥削","content":"从根本上说，定量式和份额式之所以不充分，是因为它们试图把劳动力价值直接转化为具体结果。然而它们都没认识到，最初劳动力价值与一定数量的货币或货物联系起来时是不恰当的。①在现实中，劳动力价值既不是一定数量的货物也不是一定数量的货币，它是一定数量的价值，即生产必需品时工人阶级花费的抽象的劳动时间。从积累水平看，这种价值取决于资本与劳动交换的总体水平，取决于生产中的劳动与剥削：\n\n工资的价值不是按照工人得到的生活资料的量来计算的，而是按照这些生活资料所耗费的劳动量(实际上就是工人自己占有的那部分工作日)，按照工人从总产品中，或者更确切地说，从这个产品的总价值中得到的比例部分来计算的。②\n\n关于劳动力价值的这个概念蕴含着之前讨论过的其他两个概念，又没有那两个概念的缺点。一方面，它意味着工人阶级是受剥削的，因为工人阶级生产的部分产品以货币形式被资本家所占有。而且，它还承认资本主义剥削无可避免地包含着货币因素和宏观经济因素（而不是仅仅充斥着这种超历史的观点—工人没能力拥有全部净产值)。另一方面，它并没有预设为了获得特定结果必须消费一定量的货物，因此，它避免了把工人与役畜、机器或电力混淆在一起。\n\n第四章 工资和剥削\n\n① 接下来这段话利用了 Fine，Lapavitsas andSaad - Filho(2000) 的观点。Brun-hoff（1978a，p.12）正确地论证说：“通常的情形是：创建一种工资理论会引向相冲突的两种立场，即要么把工资与劳动力价值联系起来，试图对劳动力价值做出尽可能精确的数量估算，要么认为工资是‘外生变量’、它取决于为占有社会产品进行的斗争。定量货物视角的经济主义’和就分配所作斗争的唯社会论’都能从马克思的其他表述中找到一些支撑。”\n\n② 参见 Theories of Surplus Value 2(p. 419)，还可以参见Weeks(1984)。\n\n95","previous_page":94,"next_page":96}