{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":98,"pdf_page":105,"physical_index":105,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"318ac75466d65c9f0b58921f8c0c586a3bf30c5188c1d97e76d0b0cbb8cd402e"},"chapter":"第五章 价值、价格和剥削","content":"第五章 价值、价格和剥削\n\n随着复杂性的提高，价值与阶级的关系、价值与剥削的关系（参见第三章和第四章）以及价值的价格表述（本章）相继被纳入价值分析的范围。\n\n商品是由一系列相协调的具体劳动—它们通常是在农场、工厂或办公室完成的—创造出来的。这些劳动是伴随着不同程度的有效性、多样性的技巧，独特的科技以及不同的时间点完成的。虽然有这些不同，但是，所有同类型的商品具有同样的价值，而价值通过价格表现出来。出于两个原因，不能在公司或部门层次上定义商品的价值。第一，价值创造是由居主导地位的某种特定的生产关系所决定的社会过程，在这种情况下，私人生产只有作为社会总生产的一部分才有意义。第二，价值和价格取决于再生产每种类型的商品所必需的抽象劳动时间。总的来看，产品的价值形式取决于劳动的社会分工，价值的数量取决于集体的努力和社会的生产潜能，价格取决于大量的商品（而不是取决于某个孤立的公司或部门)。\n\n劳动的均等化以及价值和价格的确定是现实过程的产物，该过程分为三个阶段：第一，私人劳动在同一类商品的生产中被规范化；第二，私人劳动在过去生产同一类商品或用不同技术生产同一类商品中被同步化；第三，私人劳动在其他类型的劳动中——这些劳动作为商品都等同于虚拟货币—被均质化。①\n\n98","previous_page":97,"next_page":99}