{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":108,"pdf_page":122,"physical_index":122,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"195da1d361846f7dcb0a46a7546b25a22d05e8d692d8b89596154823829c4f26"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"4.3 The Digital Culture Industry\n\nThe culture industry is a particularly capitalist form of mediation where culture and the economy interlock and culture is mediated by the commodity form. As a consequence, the culture industry “is interested in human beings only as its customers and employees and has in fact reduced humanity as a whole, like each of its elements, to this exhaustive formula” (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, 118). “[U]se value in the reception of cultural assets is being replaced by exchange value” (128).\n\nThe culture industry subjects human meaning-making to the commodity form in multiple respects:\n\n• Cultural workers sell their labour-power in order to produce culture;\n\n• Culture takes on the form of cultural commodities;\n\n• Advertising propagates the sale of commodities;\n\n• Consumer culture advances an environment and lifestyles of commodity consumption.\n\nIn digital capitalism, the commodity form dominates everyday life in digital culture as a multitude of digital commodities. Table 4.1 gives an overview of commodities in the digital culture industry. In the digital culture industry, digital labour-power, digital content, online services, computing hardware, access to digital networks, digital ads, access to digital resources, and digital content libraries are sold as commodities. There are also capital accumulation models that combine the sale of various digital commodities.\n\nThe digital culture industry faces 11 problems (Fuchs 2020a, 2020b): there is (1) the exploitation of digital labour; (2) digital surveillance; (3) transnational digital corporations’ monopoly power; (4) a digital attention economy where corporations and celebrities control lots of online visibility, voice and attention; (5) a digital commerce culture where the dominant social media platforms are digital tabloids dominated by tabloid entertainment and advertising. Political and educational content (“public service content”) is minority content. (6) Digital acceleration results in information flows and communication that are processed at very high speed on social media. The attention span given to information is very short. (7) There is a lack of time and space for complex and deep analysis and discussion.\n\n(8) There are unsocial/individualistic social media focused on the accumulation of attention and agreement to individual profiles and postings as well as anti-social social media that pose a threat to democracy. In the Cambridge Analytica scandal, Cambridge Analytica paid Global Science Research for conducting fake online personality tests in order to obtain personal Facebook data of almost 90 million users (first assumed to be 50 million) that were used for targeting political ads and fake news during election campaigns. The scandal showed how anti-social social media combine far-right ideology, digital capitalism, and the neoliberal mode of regulation: far-right activists use all means necessary for manipulating information. Online corporations see data generation as a way of achieving profits. The lack of legal regulation of corporate social media platforms invites data and content commodification that does not care about whether targeted ads sell fascism or chocolate cookies.\n\n108\n\nTheorists","previous_page":107,"next_page":109}