{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":16,"pdf_page":30,"physical_index":30,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"963ff74a1a9b3aae57765fdac89f96c53008fdb156ff11d26a135fea6735654d"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"Many varieties of capitalist approaches do not build on Marx. In Hall and Soskice’s collected volume Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, which is the most widely read and cited book on the varieties of capitalism-approach, Marx and his works are conspicuous by their absence only. What is missing in the varieties of capitalism-approach is a focus on class relations, class struggle, surplus-value, exploitation, commodity fetishism, and ideology critique. Streeck (2016 chapter 9, 2010, 2009) stresses that the varieties of capitalist approaches put too much emphasis on differences. He argues for the study of the dynamic commonalities of capitalism (see also Pontusson 2005).\n\nWhy should national “capitalisms” become and remain different, despite powerful pressures for cross-national convergence emanating from the diffusion of technologies, international competition, border-crossing markets, transnational firms, international organizations, an increasingly global culture, and the like? (Streeck 2010, 17)\n\nJust like globalisation, financialisation and acceleration, consumer culture and commodification, digitalisation is one of the factors that has advanced the convergence of national capitalisms. Digital technologies have the feature to help transcend boundaries, which under capitalist conditions has advanced capitalist societies convergence. In a way, varieties of capitalism approaches share postmodern theory’s focus on differences without unity. What is instead needed is more focus on what contemporary societies have in common, a focus on the unity in diversity of societies.\n\nKarl Marx: Capitalism as a Formation of Society (Gesellschaftsformation)\n\nNeither classical nor contemporary bourgeois theorists have given a satisfactory definition of capitalism. They all fall far behind Marx’s understanding. We need to start with Marx when we want to understand capitalism. Marx spoke of the “capitalist society” (e.g. Marx 1867, 103, 134, 667, 797, 875, 1063) and “the capitalist mode of production” (e.g. Marx 1867, 90, 95, 98, 125, 278, 341, 345, 382, 645, 711). This means that for Marx capitalism is both a type of the economy (Produktionsweise, mode of production) and a type of society (Gesellschaftsformation, a formation of society/societal formation). Other than Sombart, Weber, Schumpeter, and Giddens, Marx does not limit the notion of capitalism to the economy but assumes that it operates as a dialectic of the economy and society. Wolfgang Streeck argues in this context:\n\n16\n\nIntroduction","previous_page":15,"next_page":17}