{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":246,"pdf_page":260,"physical_index":260,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b5321586f61fd9987959cd93c5989204c42756adf5b5167b2484e49ee2249650"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"10.4 Capitalism, Racism, and Patriarchy\n\nSections 10.2 and 10.3 have shown that class, patriarchy, and racism are important dimensions in the age of Facebook and digital labour. Digital housework is one particular form of audience labour and reproductive labour that constitutes significant everyday life. It is just like housework–unpaid, exploited, and producing a peculiar commodity. Slavery and racism also play an important role in digital capitalism. Digital capitalism and phenomena such as social media, digital labour, mobile communication, and big data that are associated with it are part of the latest developments in advanced capitalism. Meta-racism takes on a specific form in it. Forced labour and child labour form an important dimension of the IDDL. It especially concerns African and Asian miners and assemblage workers. Structural racism and sexism shape the IDDL. Whereas, people of colour in developing countries conduct the most exploited, unfree, and precarious types of labour in the IDDL, the digital labour aristocracy of highly paid software engineers is predominantly white and male. Whereas, highly skilled and highly paid managerial and knowledge work tend to be primarily dominated by white people, low-paid precarious service jobs in the USA tend to be the domain of black people. Algorithms tend to reproduce racist ideologies that discriminate against people of colour based on the assumption that they are poor and therefore less valuable consumers than white users. Contemporary racism is both communicated and challenged on social media.\n\nThe question arises as to how we can make sense of the relationship of capitalism, patriarchy, and racism today. In digital capitalism, we can find an intersection of different forms of labour in the IDDL – paid labour, unpaid labour, reproductive labour, and users’ digital labour. The economic dimension of the interrelation of these forms of labour is that capitalism requires and creates milieus of exploitation in order to sustain profitability. It strives to maximise capital accumulation by minimising labour costs. The diversification of labour is a result of the profit imperative. Non-standard forms of labour, such as slavery, precarious labour, freelancing, unpaid user labour, or housework are an expression of this diversification. The result of it is that transnational digital media corporations are achieving high profits. In 2016, Apple made profits of US\\$ 53.7 billion and was the world’s ninth largest transnational corporations. AT&T was the 12th largest (profit: US\\$ 13.2 billion), Verizon the 15th largest (US\\$ 18 billion), Microsoft the 23rd largest (US\\$ 10.2 billion), and Google/Alphabet the 27th largest (US\\$ 17 billion).<sup>2</sup>\n\n246\n\nThemes","previous_page":245,"next_page":247}