{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":272,"pdf_page":286,"physical_index":286,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6d945c619e5dd7c991264e7573fdfddf6cc1e272b3312cbbe484c21cd1a2923e"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"Information, media, communication, and culture are connected terms. How do they relate to each other? Culture is the process and system, in which humans produce social meanings in society. This means that it is the system, where social information is produced. The term information has a broader meaning because information also exists in living systems, as the term genetic information indicates. For the purpose of this chapter, information is however understood as social information. Social information is often also termed knowledge. Information in society exists as cognitive thought patterns, communicated information, and information stored in objects. Communication is the process of symbolic interaction between humans. Mediation means a relation between interacting systems. A medium is therefore a system that enables interaction. Wherever humans communicate, there is a medium of communication. Culture therefore is a social information system, in which humans produce, communicate, and use information with the help of media. It is society’s social information system. In this chapter, I will predominantly use the terms information economy and information industries.\n\nThe information economy is in this chapter defined as the realm of the production of information and technologies for the consumption and transmission of information.<sup>1</sup> This definition can be challenged on the ground of combining aspects of the production of physical and non-physical production, such an argument is however a form of cultural idealism that neglects the materiality of culture (Williams 1977). Raymond Williams’ argument is that separating the economy and culture is idealist: culture is produced by information workers. The emergence of cultural work and the culture industry show the importance of the interconnection of culture and economy (Fuchs 2015, chapter 2). For Williams, culture is not a superstructure that sits on top of an economic base. Culture and ideas are just like all reality material.\n\n272\n\nThemes\n\n1 In the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Revision 4) these are the following categories: D18 printing and reproduction of recorded media; D26 computer, electronic, and optical products; D58T63 publishing, audiovisuals, broadcasting, telecommunications, IT; D72 research; D73 advertising and marketing research; D85 education; D90T93 arts, entertainment, and recreation.","previous_page":null,"next_page":273}