{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":314,"pdf_page":328,"physical_index":328,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"01556be71746ec27abde4c370284e2e3ecc719bcb77f5add66fdfa8d36a7df0c"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"Digital labour is organised as a class relation between digital workers and digital capitalism on a global scale, the international division of digital labour (see chapter 11). Capitalists aim to maximise their profits by minimising labour costs in the international division of labour.\n\nTransnational digital corporations exploit a variety of digital labour that create different interacting digital goods and services. For example, Apple in its production of iPhones exploits mineral extractors in Africa, hardware assemblers at Foxconn and Pegatron in China, software and hardware engineers, and a variety of service workers (see chapter 11; section 2.3.3 in chapter 2). Other forms of digital labour we have encountered in this book are users’ unpaid digital labour of using targeted-advertising-based online platforms such as Facebook and Google (section 2.3.6 in chapter 2; chapter 6; chapter 8), play labour at Google (section 2.3.4 in chapter 2), precarious platform labour performed by freelancers via apps and Internet platforms such as Uber, DiDi, Deliveroo, Fiverr, Upwork, or Freelancer (section 2.3.5. in chapter 2). Such forms of labour interact in the international division of labour. For example, software engineers and digital freelancers use computers that are created by the labour of miners in Africa and Chinese hardware assemblers. Freelancers make use of software and platforms programmed by software engineers. The international division of digital labour encompasses the whole mode of digital production that contains a network of agricultural, industrial, and informational forms of work that enables the existence and usage of digital media. The international division of digital labour is a complex network that involves global interconnected processes of exploitation, such as the exploitation of Congolese slave-miners who extract minerals that are used as the physical foundation for information and communication technology (ICT) components that are manufactured by millions of highly exploited Fordist wage-workers in factories such as Foxconn, low-paid software engineers in India, highly paid and highly stressed software engineers at Google and other Western software and Internet corporations, or precarious freelancers in the world’s global cities who are using digital technologies to create and disseminate culture, poisoned eWaste workers who disassemble ICTs and thereby come in touch with toxic materials, etc.\n\nDallas Smythe’s concepts of the audience commodity and audience labour help explaining how value-generation works on ad-financed social media platforms (see chapter 6). The difference between the audience commodity in broadcasting and on social media is that in the online world we find user-generated content (prosumption, productive consumption), constant surveillance of the Internet users that allows targeting and personalising ads, and algorithmic auctions (see chapter 6).\n\n314\n\nConclusion","previous_page":313,"next_page":315}