{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":316,"pdf_page":330,"physical_index":330,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bb39c574e2aff2bab3131e1feb7d274b64d36fa9559c700f2f7fd37a78f0feee"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"Capitol. Digital right-wing authoritarianism involves the online communication of topdown leadership, nationalism, the friend/enemy-scheme, violence, and law-and-order politics. Digital authoritarianism is an ideology that helps distracting attention from the real causes of society’s problems and the roles of class, exploitation, and domination in these problems.\n\nDigital fascism means the communication of fascism online as well as fascist groups and individuals’ use of digital technologies as means of information, communication, and organisation. Fascism is a particular form of right-wing authoritarianism that aims at killing the identified enemies by the use of violence, terror, and war. In digital fascism, fascists make use of digital technologies for trying to advance violence, terror, and war as means for the establishment of a fascist society. The scapegoats that fascist ideology constructs and against whom it agitates online include, for example, immigrants, socialists, liberals, intellectuals, experts, and democrats (see section 9.5 in chapter 9).\n\nDigital ideology not just means ideology on the Internet but also ideology of the digital, that is, the digital as ideology. Digital ideology conveys the impression that computing with necessity brings about certain changes of society that cannot be undone or stopped. As a consequence, digital ideology with is fetishistic aura of novelty, speed, and pseudo-radicalness that distracts attention from class, exploitation, domination, and other social relations. Big data fetishism is an example of digital ideology. The ideology of big data assumes that data is the new oil and is bringing about a radically novel society (see section 3.4 in chapter 3; see also section 9.4 in chapter 9). But big data is embedded into capitalist relations, into big data capitalism as aspect of digital capitalism.\n\nCultural, media, and creative digital labour appears to be less reified and alienated than manual labour, but is often organised as precarious labour that does not provide adequate social, job, and income securities. Such workers form a relatively new stratum of the working class that is highly exploited and confronted with the ideology that their labour is fun and self-determined. Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello have in this context coined the notion of the new spirit of capitalism, a kind of reified class consciousness of cultural, media, and digital workers in the age of digital capitalism (see section 3.3 in chapter 3 and section 2.3.4 in chapter 2).\n\nFake news online is another aspect of ideology in the age of digital capitalism. Fake news is as old as the tabloid press, but in the online world fake news can spread quickly, can be individually targeted, and it is often hard to distinguish if online behaviour in the context of fake news is conducted by humans or algorithms. Right-wing movements try to make use of social media for spreading their propaganda and challenging socialist and liberal political positions and worldviews online. They not just use bots and traditional lobbying methods online, but often also resort to threats, bullying, and hate speech.\n\n316\n\nConclusion","previous_page":315,"next_page":317}