{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":86,"pdf_page":100,"physical_index":100,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f323e8ff831d084e5dc320560f7e2bcac26c0363145928cdbb543bc655329d72"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"• Nationalism: Trump constructs a national “we”-identity of US citizens that is directed against Mexico by speaking of “our country”, “our Marine”, “our own” interest, or “we as a nation”. Trump presents us/them-difference, where “we” US-Americans are opposed to Mexicans and “their country”;\n\n• Militarism: Trump speaks of “our Marine” who “is locked in a Mexican jail” in order to argue that US soldiers are individuals of highest honour because they take up arms to enforce US interests. Trump in general idolises soldiers and the military. In his ideology, the soldier is the ideal type of a human being. Whereas he considers US state violence as appropriate, he decries the use of Mexican law against US citizens, implying that it is unjust to prosecute US soldiers for breaking Mexican laws. Trump fuses militarism with nationalism and racist prejudices in order to create the impression that there is a national conflict between Mexico and the USA;\n\n• Strong leadership: Finally, Trump argues that Illegal immigration and the alleged destruction of the US nation (“a country that cannot protect its borders will not last”) is due to Obama’s alleged weak leadership (“We don’t have leadership in any capable capacity”) and “open door”-policy “at the Mexican border”. Trump implicitly suggests that he himself would be a strong leader (“The problem is easy to solve with leadership”) and thereby anticipated his own candidacy in the 2016 US presidential election.\n\nIn order to be effective, ideologies need to be reproduced in the form of a constant flow of tabloid news, scandals, revelations, etc. Right-wing forces make use of social media for spreading the ideologies of top-down leadership, nationalism, the friend/enemy-scheme, and militarism/law & order-politics. Social media is a suited medium for spreading fake news and far-right propaganda because it is brief and superficial, operates at high speed, can reach a vast number of potential users in a short time by making postings spread in a networked information space, supports the amplification of emotions in the form of “likes” and other emoticons, and appeals to individuals’ interest in sensationalism. The tabloid-like structure of Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube supports the online spread of right-wing ideology. Capitalist social media have tolerated right-wing propaganda because vast flows of content and data promise higher profits from targeted ads. Social media is not the cause of the proletariat’s reified consciousness in the contemporary world, but it is one of the communication tools that right-wing demagogues employ for spreading their ideologies. The very cause of the rise of the far-right is that capitalist politics have backfired and created a negative dialectic, in which the freedom of the market has intensified fears and inequalities that express themselves in support for far-right ideologies, politicians, movements, and parties. Of course, also democrats and leftwing activists use social media for trying to challenge far-right ideology and communicate different stories and worldviews. But without a doubt, right-wing authoritarian ideology has contributed to a sustained reification of the proletariat’s consciousness so that the rootedness of social problems in capitalism’s very structure is veiled.\n\n86\n\nTheorists","previous_page":85,"next_page":87}