{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","id":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","uuid":"50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title":"Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"digitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2021022153","isbns":["2021022153","9781032119182","9781032119205","9781003222149","2405518376"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/50b7f922-b940-4a05-8eb0-c4dc0d8ec9ed/search"},"page":{"printed_page":95,"pdf_page":109,"physical_index":109,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8b75497c0b0b93ac13f67b92b7ebe92c37c919d55b878386d3ad2ea1372af0ef"},"chapter":"DIGITAL CAPITALISM","content":"These examples show some typical features of technological fetishism:\n\n• Autonomy: Technology is presented as being autonomous from society’s power structures. Technology is not situated in society as totality. In the two examples, there is predominantly a focus on how new technologies such as big data technologies and Artificial Intelligence positively change society without a focus on how they are embedded into class structures, exploitation, and domination;\n\n• Subjectivity: Technology and not humans are presented as a subject that acts (“Oil changes”, etc., Data is “going to change most industries”, AI “changes every person on this planet’s life”). The purpose of this strategy is to reify technological developments as inevitable, unchangeable, unavoidable and irreversible by presenting them as independent from human will and action;\n\n• Revolution: Technological developments are presented as revolutionary, as taking place rapidly and as changing everything (“Data” as the “new oil”, “data, the oil of the digital era”, “this level of pace of change” is never “fast enough in this technology world”). The goal of this strategy of presentation is that humans do not question undoing certain technologies or aspects of them;\n\n• Technology as one-dimensional cause, digital determinism: Technology is said to be the cause of changes in society (“it’s gonna change every person on this planet’s life in some positive way”). Power structures and social contradictions are disregarded;\n\n• Technological optimism/pessimism: Changes in society that stand in the context of technology are said to be either purely positive (technological optimism) or purely negative (technological pessimism). In the examples, it is for example claimed that big data “has benefited consumers. Few want to live without” it. Or that algorithms can predict when a person is “at risk of a disease” and “change every person’s […] life in some positive way”. There is no talk about actual or potential harms such as algorithmic surveillance, algorithmic discrimination, disadvantages arising from errors and false predictions, etc.\n\nChapter Three | History and Class Consciousness 2.0\n\n95\n\nThe Reification of Communication Technologies","previous_page":94,"next_page":96}