{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","title":"生产：德勒兹机器（第五辑）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787563370245","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","id":"54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","uuid":"54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","title":"生产：德勒兹机器（第五辑）","normalized_title":"生产德勒兹机器第五辑","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787563370245","isbns":["9787563370245"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":408,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%EF%BC%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%B9%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E8%BE%91%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/54d3c118-c4aa-4f73-931a-46b5161e4e39/search"},"page":{"printed_page":50,"pdf_page":55,"physical_index":55,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"dce84685813721444777190a02d6d1f37d08bd8d2e2b7b4dce999a0c3afceb64"},"chapter":"PRNG","content":"[20]在 Rules for the Direction of the Mind 中，笛卡儿把与“简单命题”相关的规则与有关“问题”的规则区别开来了(RuleXII)。后者是从第13条规则开始的，而且是第一次被包括进来的。笛卡儿本人强调他自己的方法与亚里士多德辩证法之间的相似性：“这是我们模仿辩证学家的唯一方面：当证明三段论的形式时，他们假定三段论的条件或主题是已知的；同样，我们的一个先决条件是，所运算的问题已经是充分理解的问题了。”见 The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, p. 51。同样，在 Malbranche的著作中，“问题”也起到从属的作用——见 The Search After Truth，transl. T. M.Lennon and P. J. Olscamp, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1980, VI, 2,ch.7——在斯宾诺莎的著作中，几何方法的使用根本与“问题”无关。\n\n然而，在《几何学》中，笛卡儿强调了不仅仅关注结论而从问题构成的角度进行分析的重要性，(在一些精彩的段落里，奥古斯特·孔德也坚持这一点，表明“单一性”的分布决定“问题的条件”见 Traité élémentaire de gépmétrie analytique，1843。在这个意义上，我们可以说作为几何学家的笛卡儿比作为哲学家的笛卡儿走得更远。\n\n[22]现代认识论的一个最富创造性的特点是识别问题的这种双重的“不可简约性”(在这个意义上，把“problematic”用作名词对我们来说似乎是一个不可或缺的新词)。见Georges Bouligand 以及他在“问题因素”与“全球综合因素”之间所作的区别(尤见 Ledeclin des absolus mathématico-logiques, Editions d'Enseignement supérieur, 1949);Georges Canguilhem 及其问题理论(尤其是 On the Normal and Pathological,transl.Carolyn R. Fawcett, Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1978).\n\n[23]Proclus,A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements , transl. Glenn R. Morrow, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970, pp. 63—67.\n\n[24]Albert Lautman, Essai sur notions de structure et d'existence en mathématiques, Paris：Hermann，1938，vol. I， p. 13；vol. II，p. 149(“我们所允许的唯一先验的因素是 在发现结论之前在对迫切问题的经验之中给予的…”)关于问题的这种双重性—超 验性和内在性，见 Nouvelles recherches sur la structure dialectique des mathématiques, Paris: Hermann, 1939, pp. 14-15。\n\n德勒兹机器\n\n50\n\n第五辑","previous_page":49,"next_page":51}