{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":116,"pdf_page":132,"physical_index":132,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b8faa9fb41cbc366dd7ba96e71ada4d1f44dab6efd078500b7be6234fe1c0421"},"chapter":"第四章 民主：回音室与机器极权主义","content":"正如希尔德布兰特（Hildebrandt 2015）所言，“不服从和可质疑性是在一个法治民主政体中的法律的标志”。在法治民主政体中，公民可以对规范及其适用提出质疑。但是，与阿伦特一样，我们可以进一步提出一个更具争议性的观点，即无论（法院）法律怎么规定，出于道德和政治原因，抵抗都是合理的，也是必要的。无论如何，阿伦特关于盲目遵守规则和命令是危险的和有道德问题的这一观点，在民主政体中也是适用的。\n\n与此相关的一个论点是缺乏思考。受《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》的启发，麦奎兰（McQuillan2019）认为，由于人工智能为人们提供了“风险的经验性排序，而人们却无从质疑其推导过程”，因此该技术“鼓励了汉娜·阿伦特所描述的那种缺乏思考的行为：无法对指令进行批判，缺乏对后果的反思，一味相信正在执行正确的命令”(165)。人工智能所使用的统计方法的危险还在于，只要它是以历史数据为基础，我们就会得到更多相同的东西，我们就会停留在旧的状态。阿伦特在《人的境况》（1958）中写道：\n\n新事物的出现总是与统计规律及其概率的压倒性优势背道而驰，而统计规律及其概率对于所有实用的日常目的来说都相当于确定性；因此，新事物总是以一种奇迹的面目出现。人具有行动能力的事实意味着，可以在他那里期待着意想不到的事情，即他能够去展现无限不可能的事情。\n\n人工智能政治哲学\n\n116","previous_page":115,"next_page":117}