{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":163,"pdf_page":179,"physical_index":179,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"028e69e2b3a5eaa448ba685fc8640ef58c72e609441c9d0d6b72b97750387532"},"chapter":"第六章 非人类怎么办？环境政治与后人类主义","content":"给予动物政治考虑的其他论点也属于普遍主义的自由主义传统，它们依赖于正义的政治原则。例如，我们可以用契约论来论证动物的正义。在这一领域，罗尔斯的正义论颇具影响力。罗尔斯将动物排除在他的正义论之外（Garner 2003），这种契约论一般以人类理性的重要性为基础。这就是为什么努斯鲍姆（2006）在赋予动物以正义的道德和政治地位时，选择依赖于能力的概念：与人类一样，动物也有权拥有发挥功能和繁衍生息的能力。它们可能不具备人类的理性，但它们有自己物种特有的能力，我们应该尊重它们的尊严。努斯鲍姆考虑了她列出的能力/权利清单对动物的意义。例如，动物有权享有健康的生活，这意味着我们需要禁止残忍对待动物的法律。这本身就是政治理论有意思的应用：最初是针对人类的，后来却应用到了动物身上（还要注意的是，努斯鲍姆的能力方法与注重人类繁荣的古代美德伦理学和政治学之间存在着有趣的联系；不过，我不在此作进一步讨论)。\n\n不过，也有一些作者认为可以在契约论的基础上论证动物的正义。我们可以修改罗尔斯的原初状态，使无知之幕包括对一个人最终会成为人类还是动物的无知。例如，在罗兰德（Rowlands\n\n第六章 非人类怎么办？环境政治与后人类主义\n\n163","previous_page":162,"next_page":164}