{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":180,"pdf_page":196,"physical_index":196,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2c86a0c31e987a6c263008fcdc53577ec1beb97e56b2fe0a6c4bb056314f9d27"},"chapter":"第六章 非人类怎么办？环境政治与后人类主义","content":"关于道德地位的讨论与政治（和法律）哲学之间的有趣联系可以通过关注权利的概念来实现。贡克尔的《机器人权利》(RobotRights)(2018）是这一工作的绝佳起点，该书讨论了机器人的道德和法律地位以审视其社会处境。除了对机器人权利的不同立场作了有益的分类之外，贡克尔还超越了人类中心主义，指出权利并不一定意味着人权，而且我们错误地认为，当我们使用“权利”一词时，我们知道自己在谈论什么。权利有不同的类型，如特权、请求权、权力和豁免。虽然大多数人会拒绝赋予机器人或人工智能以人权，但我们可以利用这一分析，试图为机器人争取一种低于人权或不同于人权的特定类型的权利，并考虑其政治意义。承认权利不一定是人权或人类层面的权利，这为我们提供了一定的空间。然而，这样一种观点不仅会遭到那些本来反对机器人权利想法的人的反对，还可能面临关系性的反对意见。根据批判的后人类主义和后现代主义，可以说（Coeckelbergh 2014;Gunkel2018）这种推理本身就构成了一种总体化哲学，它将道德哲学和政治哲学置于一个平台上，从这个平台上对实体进行分类并赋予其权利—道德权利和政治权利。还要注意的是，借鉴罗马法赋予机器人与奴隶相当的政治地位，或更广泛地以罗马法中的权利和公民权类别为蓝本建立一种政治权利框架，同样会产生问题—从马克思主义、后殖民和身份政治的角度来看也是如此(见第三章)。\n\n人工智能政治哲学\n\n180","previous_page":179,"next_page":181}