{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":50,"pdf_page":66,"physical_index":66,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a0fac6830d20b5f08dd312a159dc8fc8a34c6392464dc4be7fe3f5edd9ad236f"},"chapter":"第三章 平等与公正：人工智能的偏见与歧视","content":"即使是对我们大多数人来说非常普通的事情，比如使用基于人工智能的搜索引擎，也可能存在问题。诺布尔（2018）认为，谷歌等搜索引擎强化了种族主义和性别歧视，这应被视为“算法压迫”(algorithmic oppression)，它源于人类作出的决定，并由企业控制。她声称，算法和分类系统“嵌入”并影响着社会关系，包括地方和全球的种族权力关系。她指出，企业从种族主义和性别歧视中赚钱，并提请人们注意非裔美国人在身份、不平等和不公正方面受到的影响。例如，谷歌的搜索算法曾将非裔美国人自动标记为“猿”，并将米歇尔·奥巴马（Michelle Obama）与“猿”一词联系在一起。诺布尔认为，这些案例不仅具有侮辱性和攻击性，还“展示了种族主义和性别歧视是如何成为技术架构和语言的一部分”。问题的关键并不在于程序员有意使用这种偏见编码。问题在于，他们（以及算法的使用者）假定算法和数据是中立的，而各种形式的偏见却可能存在于其中。诺布尔警告说，不要将技术过程视为是非语境化的（decontextualized）和非政治化的(apolitical)，这种观点只符合一种个人在自由市场中作出自己选择的社会观念。\n\n人工智能政治哲学\n\n050","previous_page":49,"next_page":51}