{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":68,"pdf_page":84,"physical_index":84,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"36b1bfc6fb8f4e60c29d2e355538322a754edb5462c1c774350f1b87c7b613c3"},"chapter":"第三章 平等与公正：人工智能的偏见与歧视","content":"关于人工智能中的偏见与歧视，相关的规范性问题是：这些技术和使用这些技术的人歧视哪些特定群体？哪些争取承认的斗争受到人工智能的威胁？是否存在对妇女的偏见？对变性人有偏见吗？对黑人有偏见吗？对残疾人呢？本杰明（2019a；2019b）在人工智能和机器人学领域提出了一个著名的种族论点，他认为这些技术在政治上不是中立的，而是加深了种族歧视、不平等和不公正。她以美国种族歧视的历史（不幸的是，现在也经常如此）为背景，声称不公正是针对黑人这一特殊群体的。从这个角度看，算法偏见受到质疑的问题是它们不是中立的，而是系统性地不利于黑人，从而再现了既有的不平等，助长了“相互交织的歧视形式”(Benjamin 2019b)，尤其是种族偏见。李（Rhee 2018，105）则声称，许多陪伴机器人和智能玩偶的出现“使白色成为标准”(normalizes whiteness)。因此，这些论点化解了认为技术是中立的工具主义的观点，并且从根本上反对关于中立技术，反对关于数字技术是“公平竞争的地方”甚至是“纠正不平等的地方”（Benjamin 2019b，133）这样的论述——这些论述往往来自企业界。在这里，是以种族和身份的视角来看待问题，而不是脱离现实的普遍主义立场。\n\n人工智能政治哲学\n\n068","previous_page":67,"next_page":69}