{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":73,"pdf_page":89,"physical_index":89,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e959be2ff6db89e296d6c35ac1badcbe4a9bfc4bd456a9cd61aaad9482a67059"},"chapter":"第三章 平等与公正：人工智能的偏见与歧视","content":"在政治哲学和其他领域，身份认同思想仍存在争议。即使在女性主义理论中，也有关于女性身份的讨论。例如，女性身份是一种本质上的身份，还是一种必须从行为相关角度来理解的身份（Butler1999）。当代女权主义者呼吁建立后身份政治（post-identity politics)，其超越“狭隘的承认政治”和基于受害者身份的苦难政治(politics of suffering)，转而关注“更广泛的多样性政治”(McNay2010，513）和创造赋能自由的生活形式。例如，麦克内伊（McNay2008）反对将政治简化为身份认同问题。但正如所料，自由主义者和马克思主义者对此也提出了批评。马克思主义者指责身份政治的支持者只关注上层建筑（文化），而不关注潜在的经济学，因此只关注边缘化群体，却忽视了产生不平等现象并仍然维持着资本主义逻辑的一般经济结构，他们更愿意用“阶级”这一范畴来分析和挑战资本主义下的社会经济不平等。而福山（2018a）则警告说，以身份为导向的社会使商议和集体行动变得困难，因为它们会分裂成身份的各个部门。他还指出，右派使用同样的语言，例如使白人男性成为受害者，而左派则分裂为“一系列身份群体”(Fukuyama 2018b，167)。他提出，在这样的民主社会中，我们需要“努力回到对人类尊严更普遍的理解之上”。\n\n第三章 平等与公正：人工智能的偏见与歧视\n\n073","previous_page":72,"next_page":74}