{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","id":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","uuid":"56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title":"人工智能政治哲学","normalized_title":"人工智能政治哲学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208189485","isbns":["9787208189485"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":261,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/56fa816e-042b-40dd-9a08-6bc236c079d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":98,"pdf_page":114,"physical_index":114,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ff0fe38a08d70b3fe963f48d678a9407208b413ea01149d41a03583223da9b11"},"chapter":"第四章 民主：回音室与机器极权主义","content":"如果你想要按照哈贝马斯那样进行理性的、以共识为导向的辩论，这就有问题了。但是，如果人们无法接触到相反的观点，即使是论争式民主也很难实现。埃尔-贝尔马维（El-Bermawy2016）认为，地球村已被“日渐疏远的数字孤岛”所取代，隔离现象正逐渐严重。在脸书上，我们消费的大多是与我们观点相似的政治内容。这样一来，我们就会形成一孔之见。阮（Nguyen2020）对“认知气泡”（epistemic bubbles）和“回音室”进行了区分。“认知气泡”排除了相关的声音（通常是无意的)，而“回音室”则是一种持续的主动排除其他相关声音的结构，在这种结构中，人们开始不信任所有外部来源。例如，搜索引擎可能会通过其运作方式将用户困在过滤气泡和回音室中，这威胁到多样性，进而威胁到民主（Granka2010）。这无疑是一种风险，尽管实证研究发现，社交媒体也会让用户接触到相反的观点，但只有一小部分用户会刻意寻求跳出回音室式的舆论环境（Puschmann 2018)。社交媒体还能让人们发表在主要新闻媒体上会被审查掉的观点。从这个意义上说，至少有机会实现意见的多样性。\n\n人工智能政治哲学\n\n098","previous_page":97,"next_page":99}