{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","uuid":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","normalized_title":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","isbns":["9787300330303"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E6%8C%AA%E7%94%A8%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":113,"pdf_page":151,"physical_index":151,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"beadc019fba574288a37985f9fab7405c23c1f32c44eb24d6a4d27d8ee69cef8"},"chapter":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","content":"这种公共补贴对金融机构利润的影响绝非微不足道。欧洲议会绿色党团委托进行的一项研究综合了这方面的学术著作，重点关注欧洲大陆的大型银行（Kloeck，2014)。国际货币基金组织得出结论：2012年的隐性补贴约为2330亿欧元，占欧洲地区生产总值的1.8%，2007年以后每年的补贴额也类似。国际货币基金组织进一步证明，对大银行的隐性补贴达到了这一水平，2012年欧洲的隐性补贴为3000亿美元，美国为700亿美元（IMF，2014）。我们从中得到的第一个教训是：如果没有国家的这种基本支持，大银行会出现相当大的亏损。国家补贴了它们的利润。第二个教训是：公共当局也要为此付出代价。在危机时刻，随着公共担保的启动和国家资金流入银行国库，会直接消耗国家预算。但在正常时期也是如此，因为金融市场会将这些债务计入其对公债的利率。因此，这些政府担保以两种截然不同的方式使金融业受益，它们不仅使金融业享受较低的利率，还使国家本身享受较高的利率。\n\n计算这些隐性补贴并非没有问题，因为它依赖于相当不稳定的现值计算。但是，它肯定揭示了一件事——既然公共担保对金融机构活动的大部分来说必不可少，那么由这些活动产生的利润被私有化就完全不具有合法性。\n\n第六章 金融利润从何而来？\n\n113","previous_page":112,"next_page":114}