{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","uuid":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","normalized_title":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","isbns":["9787300330303"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E6%8C%AA%E7%94%A8%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":166,"pdf_page":204,"physical_index":204,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b64a7df32b4c39929e4e656d2caeca450d25296bc6d0bb4da0c530015ef30ecb"},"chapter":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","content":"因此，一方面，寡头垄断控制着最终市场的准入和关键技术；另一方面，大量劳动力被用于生产制成品和提供标准化信息服务。对全球商品链的研究表明，这种状况导致了全球范围内的两极分化。在利用近期才可获得的人力储备的供应网络中，主导企业（大多位于“全球北方”国家）可以从一种不平等的交换形式中获利。在商品自由流通的背景下，竞争形式和发展水平的空间异质性允许整个商品链（包括金融市场）一路推高利润。因此，无须积累的利润之谜得到了部分解决由于利润不仅来自国内经营，还部分来自对国际生产网络的控制，因此利润的动态与投资动态脱节并不令人惊讶。\n\n非石油生产发展中国家对高收入国家的进口增长进一步证明了这一论点，从20世纪80年代末至今，这些国家的进口持续快速增长（见图8-10)。鉴于这些进口的增加发生在危机爆发前世界贸易加速发展的背景下，情况就更加如此了。①由于欧洲国家规模较小，而且毗邻性强，它们之间的贸易量远高于美国或日本与其他发达国家之间的贸易量。这是这两组国家之间差距的根本原因。但总体趋势清楚地反映了新无产阶级日益深入“全球北方”企业控制的价值增殖过程。\n\n虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来\n\n① 全球贸易总额占国内生产总值的比例从 20 世纪 70 年代末的约 35%增至 2008年的61.1%。此后，这一比例下降至2015年的57.9%，引发了关于全球化可能退潮的新讨论。根据世界银行的数据，贸易总额是指商品和服务贸易总额（世界出口加世界进口）占国内生产总值的百分比。\n\n166","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}