{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","id":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","uuid":"5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title":"虚拟资本：金融怎样挪用我们的未来","normalized_title":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300330303","isbns":["9787300330303"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E6%8C%AA%E7%94%A8%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5aba73df-238c-4ba0-bd59-c6ff3e9099f3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":53,"pdf_page":91,"physical_index":91,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8d8a51cf6c08b6c759d71f212d8b228091561e76298e05729a0c186138b06089"},"chapter":"虚拟资本金融怎样挪用我们的未来","content":"马克思的方法：预期资本增殖形式的矛盾性\n\n正如在这种信用制度下一切东西都会增加一倍和两倍，以至变为纯粹幻想的怪物一样。\n\n—《资本论》第三卷第二十九章（Karl Marx，1865）\n\n据我所知，哈耶克没有参考马克思主义对虚拟资本概念的分析。这并不奇怪，因为在哈耶克一生中的大部分时间里，他都是一个顽固的反社会主义者。然而，由于他经常光顾1914年之前的奥地利社会民主主义圈子，他无疑意识到马克思本人也接受了这一观点（这在他的同时代人中普遍存在），银行家无中生有地创造的信用货币是一种虚拟资本，经常引发了最疯狂的投机（Marx，1968，pp.1157-1163)。①\n\n但马克思对信用制度的判断与哈耶克截然不同。在他看来，信贷不但不会受到可用资源的限制，反而可以克服自筹资金和贵金属生产所构成的障碍。因此，“信用制度加速了生产力的物质上的发展和世界市场的形成”。这里并不是完全没有资源限制的概念，但它仅限于“信用制度表现为生产过剩和商业过度投机的主要杠杆”的情况，因为在这种情况下，信用制度迫使本质上具有弹性的再生产过程“强化到了极限”。\n\n第三章 虚拟资本：概念的谱系\n\n① 有关马克思对虚拟资本的介绍，参见 Chesnais(2006)。\n\n53","previous_page":52,"next_page":54}