{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":113,"pdf_page":166,"physical_index":166,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a52efde9ddaf6b32f5260ac17c08720f8726e013dc330dc632d52dd39dd05a49"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"与金钱贵族制(Geldaristokratie)的对立”的社会。①由于没有受到黑格尔的影响，所以他此时也没有使用 bürgerliche Gesellschaft 这样的词汇。但这个Geldaristokratie倒十分贴近赫斯以货币批判为核心的思想构境。如果仔细去追问，货币恰恰是夷平等级的，金钱—贵族这就像是说“木制的铁”，这恐怕只能是在借喻的意义上使用。并且，赫斯还看到了这种金钱贵族制社会中所弥漫着的某种“盲目冲动的无意识状态、即·自然性(Naturwüchsigkeit)”。②这个自然性，接近黑格尔的“第二自然”观点，后来马克思在多重语境中喻指资本主义经济过程的似自然性。③\n\n在1842年谈到英国所发生的社会灾难时，他十分明确地指出：\n\n这根本不是政治上的原因。工业从人民手中转到资本家的机器之中；商业通常是小本经营并且是由许多小人物经营，现在逐步转到少数大企业资本家或者冒险家(所谓投机者)的手中；通过继承法聚集在少数贵族手中的日益增长的地产，以及总体来说在个别家族中繁衍滋生的大资本。④\n\n在赫斯看来，所有这一切，都是社会性灾难的原因。也是在这篇文章中，赫斯提出了“社会关系(Verhältnis)”的概念。\n\n原来，我们较为清楚的是青年马克思从费尔巴哈那里接受了一般唯物主义，可却没有注意到青年马克思乃至整个青年黑格尔派中的先锋分子都从赫斯这里接受了社会主义和共产主义。在理论与社会主义运动的联结中，赫斯一开始就批判性地分析了巴贝夫⑤、傅立叶、圣西门和蒲鲁东的社会主义，并于1841年下半年开始转向费尔巴哈的哲学立场，并在此基础上成为一名坚定的共产主义者。赫斯明确肯定魏特林的观点，要将费尔巴哈哲学与蒲鲁东的社会主义结合起来，创建一种所谓的“科学共产主义”。那是一种由“科学统治”(Herrschaft derWissenschaft)着的新的“共同体状态”(Zustand der Gemeinschaft)。①起初，赫斯试图用费尔巴哈为社会主义提供哲学论证，后来这种论证才逐步深入到经济学领域。可是，赫斯的这种哲学共产主义思想并不是一开始就打动了马克思，相反他对此倒深为怀疑。这种状况，甚至一直持续到1843年在《莱茵报》初期马克思与赫斯的共同合作中。他们两人的语境呈现出明显的差异性：当马克思还在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中大谈从宗教的异化、思辨哲学主谓语倒置走向现实政治异化(法人与市民社会的二元分裂)批判时，赫斯已经明确指出，对于归根到底不是政治的而是社会的罪恶，一切政治改革都只是一种治标的办法。\n\n第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①②参见[德]赫斯《欧洲三头政治》，载《赫斯精粹》，南京大学出版社2010年版，第39页。\n\n③参见拙著《马克思历史辩证法的主体向度》，武汉大学出版社2010年第三版，第三章。\n\n④[德]赫斯：《谈谈英国面临的灾难》，载《莱茵报》1842年6月26日第177号。参见《赫斯精粹》，南京大学出版社2010年版，第61—62页。\n\n⑤巴贝夫(Gracchus Babeuf,1760—1797)，原名弗朗索瓦·诺艾(François Noēl)，法国大革命时期的革命家、空想共产主义者。\n\n113","previous_page":112,"next_page":114}