{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":125,"pdf_page":178,"physical_index":178,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"93be66a885f0e6ce8864e9a9081bbb40670fc94c15e9b6b29ae8bdf4f6337b6d"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"这是赫斯这个文本开篇第1—4节正面表述的观点。我们可以视其为一种理论逻辑的设定。关于这一点，我们可以先作一个简单的评述。显而易见，赫斯这里的哲学历史观点主要是对古典经济学描述的现代资产阶级社会关系的理论提升和概括，与费尔巴哈相比，的确有了很重要的进步，但有两个致命错误：一、他将交往(实际上是商品经济的现代交换)置于生产之上，但没有意识到这种“交往”是生产的历史结果。这一交换决定论是在古典经济学社会唯物主义第二层级上的倒退。我认为，青年马克思在后来的《穆勒笔记》中，就直接受到了赫斯这种交往决定论的影响。二、他更无法意识到，这种交往只是物质生产的一定历史条件下的产物，即资产阶级社会商品生产的特定历史结果。以费尔巴哈的类哲学去提升经济学，必然是从同样抽象了的交往(交换)出发。由此，他更接近重商主义而不是斯密和李嘉图。当然，赫斯在此处的观点的实质(包括他所标举的生产、生产力、交往的共同活动等规定)在隐性逻辑上是非科学的。但我还是要指出，与赫斯相比，此时马克思的思想远远没有抵达这种深度。\n\n文本的另一部分(第5节开始)是对现实资产阶级社会生活的批判。这就是人的类存在—社会交往关系在金钱世界中的异化(Entfremdung)了。我们看到，在这里赫斯的确是自觉地将费尔巴哈与蒲鲁东结合起来。他认为“费尔巴哈是德国的蒲鲁东”!但费尔巴哈远没有达到蒲鲁东的社会主义实践结论的思想深度。所以，必须“把费尔巴哈的人本主义运用到社会生活中去”①。比起青年马克思，赫斯仍然是较早将费尔巴哈的宗教异化史观运用到社会现实中来的人，并且他也自觉地将蒲鲁东拒绝共产主义的立场向前大大推进了一步。以他之见，费尔巴哈在宗教领域所发现的这种人类异化也具有更广泛的社会意义。正是在现实社会私有制的基础上，竞争和对利润的追求使人彼此分离和对立起来，这是一种利己主义(Egoismus)生存中人的类本质的异化。我觉得，交往异化是赫斯在费尔巴哈人本主义异化史基础上一次重要的理论推进，这种观念直接影响到后来初读经济学的青年马克思，特别是他的《穆勒笔记》中最初的经济异化观的形成。\n\n第一章 青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①[德]赫斯：《哲学与社会主义文集》(1837—1850年)，柏林，1980年，第292页。\n\n125","previous_page":124,"next_page":126}