{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":148,"pdf_page":201,"physical_index":201,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ffe4845d782f5ad0d67d1b71508632bf1a49522d16ad9531f85f6fbd729c780e"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"的区分解决的。恩格斯在此文中使用过 socialen Verhältnisse一语。但是我们可以看出，恩格斯在这里对竞争的分析是他这一文本最深刻的内容之一。\n\n以恩格斯之见，首先，竞争正是资产阶级社会经济运作中垄断的对立面。与私有制一样，它本身就是自相矛盾的。因为在竞争中，“个人的利益是要占有一切，社会的利益是要使每个人所占有的都相等。所以，公共利益和私人利益是直接对立的”①。其次，竞争的规律是“供和求始终力图互相适应，但是正因为如此，就从来不会互相适应。双方又重新脱节，并转而成为尖锐的对立”②。这是因为，资产阶级社会生产过程的本质是对经济规律的不自觉性和不健全性，竞争的规律永远是一种自发的无法控制的非主体性调节。可是，资产阶级经济学却将这种类似自然界运动的盲目起作用的规律看成是真正的自然规律。这恰恰表现了资产阶级经济学不是为了“真正人的目的”的反动性。所以，在资产阶级经济学家封为自然规律的地方，恩格斯深刻地指出了它的非人性质：“这个规律是纯自然的规律，而不是精神的规律”。请注意，恩格斯这里的“自然规律”已经带有一种反讽的意味，因为“这是一个以当事人的盲目活动为基础的自然规律”，而不是“像人那样有意识地进行生产”。③这是后来我将其显性地表述为马克思主义历史辩证法主体向度中的“似自然性”观点的真正前身！④一方面，恩格斯认为正是这一规律“造成了人们今日所处的相互奴役的状况”；另一方面，他则谈到由于自由竞争所带来的社会经济生活的“无秩序”性，特别是这种无秩序性所必然导致的周期性“波动”和“商业危机”。⑤同时他还指出，如果这样“无意识地毫不思考地全凭偶然性(unbewußte,gedankenlose,der Herrschaftdes Zufalls uberlassene)来进行生产，那末商业危机就会继续下去；而且一定是一次比一次更普遍，因而也一次比一次更严重”，最终，必将导致资产阶级社会自身的彻底毁灭，这也就“势必引起一次社会革命”。①所以，恩格斯也认为资产阶级社会的经济规律是一个“孕育着革命的规律”。②\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①②《马克思恩格斯全集》第1卷，人民出版社1956年版，第613页。\n\n③参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第1卷，人民出版社1956年版，第614页。\n\n④参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第1卷，人民出版社1956年版，第614页，并参见拙著《马克思历史辩证法的主体向度》，南京大学出版社2002年第2版，第三章第二节。—本书作者第二版注。\n\n⑤参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第1卷，人民出版社1956年版，第614页。\n\n148","previous_page":147,"next_page":149}