{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":156,"pdf_page":209,"physical_index":209,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"882d4dc525b11f1ab4ec3e46968ee2208baf64b20598b614a03180e0bf93f794"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"从《克罗茨纳赫笔记》的总体来看，马克思在全部笔记中的焦点意识②明显是欧洲国家社会的历史，其中包括法国、英国、德国、瑞典、波兰和威尼斯的历史，并且，法国近代历史特别是以法国大革命为核心的资产阶级政治历史占据了笔记相当多的篇幅。本来，马克思试图着力弄清楚政治国家在历史中的作用，而他却无意识地不断体认到，实际上围绕财产的所有制才是社会历史结构的真正基础。这将是他不久之后与蒲鲁东进行思想交流中的一个重要共识。\n\n在《克罗茨纳赫笔记》第一册的开篇，马克思在思考格·亨利希的《法国史》中主要关注了法国16世纪末以前社会政治结构中议会的形成。虽然，马克思于其中摘要出军事制度与财产制度的关系，可他却体察到这个规律—封建主义在“欧洲的衰落，由航海业、贸易和工业促进”以及市民阶层的兴起造成。③这条线索实际上应该是近代资产阶级发生的经济与社会进程，但在此并没有任何激活马克思深入思考的迹象。在第二册开始进行的关于路德维希《最近五十年的历史》的摘录中，马克思却意外地发现，法国大革命前后，第三等级所组成的国民议会仍然在维护私有财产，因为他们虽然没收教会财产，但又在保护个人私有财产。马克思批注道：“这里有一个很大的矛盾，一方面宣布私有财产不受侵犯，另一方面又牺牲私有财产。”①这自然会使马克思原来的民主主义理想开始动摇，因为马克思反对专制并不是为了重新确立一种新的私有制。他开始意识到第三等级的“自由主义的空谈”!这是不是对他自己《莱茵报》时期所张扬的民主主义自由理性旗帜的反省呢？在第二册对贝勒尔《斯泰尔夫人遗著考证》的摘要中，马克思注意到封建制度是基础牢固的等级制，“在这里财产统治人，在现代社会里人控制着财产”②。马克思已经注意到在新旧两种社会中人们始终围绕财产关系打转的这一事实。如果说前不久在《莱茵报》时期马克思无奈地发现“物质利益总是占上风的”，那么此时他则在历史发展中开始面对财产是整个历史(私有制社会)的基础这个历史事实。这是对马克思头脑中已经开始动摇的唯心主义理性原则的进一步否定和解构。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《关于伊壁鸠鲁哲学的笔记》的中译文，可参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第40卷，人民出版社1982年版，第25—175页。\n\n②焦点意识(Focalawareness)，也可译作集中感知，是波兰尼意会认知理论中的另一重要概念，它指认知主体明确指向的目标与意图。参见拙文《波兰尼意会认知理论的哲学逻辑构析》，载《江海学刊》1991年第4期。\n\n③参见 Karl Marx, Historisch-politische Notizen, Kreuznacher, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2), V/2, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1981,S. 39。\n\n156","previous_page":155,"next_page":157}