{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":160,"pdf_page":213,"physical_index":213,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9db25ff2aa2479cee898d6b3b405ee26d2df2b4c4489010086c0241f7d3445d5"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"毋庸赘述，从我们对这一文本的研究来看，马克思并不像传统理解的那样简单地外在地受到费尔巴哈的影响，而是在真实的社会历史研究中自觉地确认一般唯物主义前提的。需要说明的是，马克思一转到唯物主义立场后，他的立场就不仅仅是费尔巴哈的那种自然唯物主义，即直接的物质(自然)与意识的主宾颠倒，而是特指人的社会现实存在(所有制)决定观念的社会唯物主义。当然，这种社会现实存在，实际上类似于法国唯物主义已经提出的那种在社会生活中能“感到的东西”，而不是政治经济学中的从经济现实出发的社会唯物主义。这也是《黑格尔法哲学批判》一书的唯物主义批判逻辑的真实发源地。麦克莱伦曾武断地说：马克思“直到《神圣家族》以前，他的任何著作都是不能称之为唯物主义的”。这显然是不负责任的评判。②另一方面，也是在这一文本中，我们能够看到，马克思正是在真实的历史发展中逐步看清了资产阶级的政治面目，从而为他在当时的德法社会主义者的影响下进一步转到无产阶级的政治立场(《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》)打下重要的思想基础的。确认这一点，对于我们正确地理解青年马克思思想的第一次重大转变，尤其是哲学前提层面的转换本质是极其重要的。\n\n在接下去的摘录中，马克思的这一重要观念变革又持续不断地得到历史事实的支持。在同一册关于兰克的《1775年的议会》的笔记中，马克思注意到，在法国“农业地区僧侣的影响取决于他们的地产”③。在浦菲斯特的《德国史》里马克思发现，在上古史中，“土地所有制总是德国制度的基础”。在G.朱诺弗的《继承权的原则和法国与英国的贵族》一书中，马克思注意到“英国的代议制建立在地产的基础之上。地产的巩固是立宪君主制的基础”①。这大大强化了马克思刚刚获得的社会唯物主义观念。而根据笔记第五册的记录，马克思在默瑟尔的《爱国主义的幻想》一书中看到，“在上古时期的制度里只保障人身自由，这就是说，自由只同人本身相联系，后来国家为了有利于物质的自由而限制人身的自由，物质自由是同土地相联系”。由此导引出如下观点：“自由是一个相对的概念”!这是为什么？因为在真实历史的不同制度下，自由观念的内容完全不同。这已经是一个相当深刻的观点。我们注意到，马克思自己原有的民主主义和自由主义的政治立场不再稳如泰山，开始了根本性的动摇。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n① Karl Marx,Historisch-politische Notizen, Kreuznacher, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2)，V/2,Text，Berlin：Dietz Verlag，1981,S.181.中译文参见《马克思恩格斯全集》 第40卷，人民出版社1982年版，第368—369页。\n\n②参见[英]麦克莱伦《青年黑格尔派与马克思》，夏威仪译，商务印书馆1982年版，第101页。\n\n③ Karl Marx,Historisch-politischeNotizen, Kreuznacher, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2), IV/2,Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1981,S. 185.\n\n160","previous_page":159,"next_page":161}