{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":163,"pdf_page":216,"physical_index":216,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2e00e8c84c9cd8aeee2990b421cb919eb6761e87e4244f895f58411c21affd3a"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"青年马克思在走向一般唯物主义“感性具体”的进程中，曾同样反对了黑格尔抽象的思辨逻辑。马克思在很久之后才内省到这一点，并重新在一种新的科学基础上再一次“从抽象到具体”，从直接性到经过中介的批判现象学！所以，马克思对黑格尔唯心主义的第一次批判，的确是他哲学思想的第一个重大转变。但是，由于马克思此时还没有开始系统研究经济学，所以他还无法理解黑格尔在《法哲学原理》①中对古典经济学的批判。于是，一个很深刻的问题自然无法成为马克思视域中的焦点，即剥离去唯心主义前提，黑格尔为什么用国家与法来否定性地制约和超越客观的市民社会？实际上，从上面我们对黑格尔的总体逻辑的分析里可以得知，在黑格尔的眼里，斯密、李嘉图等人的那种以孤立个人为基底的商品经济的市场“自然秩序”，实际上只是绝对观念(主体，Subjekt)处于社会历史经济物化中的某种异化状态，它是由一种盲目自发的“看不见的手”操纵着市场的。而黑格尔认为，在更高的一个阶段上，绝对观念通过国家与法的自觉调节，使“看不见的手”直接呈现出来。这也是从物化的必然王国的最后阶段向观念的自由王国的飞跃。1843年，马克思在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中将这一关系式唯物主义地颠倒过来的时候，显然他是正确的，可在一定的意义上又是不够深刻的。当然，这种“不深刻”只有在1845年之后马克思主义哲学革命的制高点上才可能呈现其对比参数。至于施密特①追随马尔库塞说，马克思此时曾“一度”脱离了黑格尔的辩证法，而在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》以及全部后期著作中“又以费尔巴哈对黑格尔的批判为中介”，重新又“回到黑格尔的观点”。②这一表述不甚准确，因为在“自我意识”主导下的青年马克思，一开始就没有深入地理解黑格尔的历史辩证法。因此，此时马克思在否定黑格尔的唯心主义时，也就谈不到什么“离开”。马克思对黑格尔辩证法的理解本身是一个不断深化的历史过程。实际上，即使在接受费尔巴哈哲学思想的时期，马克思也还是以人本主义的能动的异化史观为中介，全力折射黑格尔历史的辩证发展观点的。\n\n第二章经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现\n\n①黑格尔《法哲学原理》一书的全名为：《法哲学原理或者自然法和国家学说纲要》(Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts oder Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Umrisse, Werk, Vollständige Ausgabe, Bd. 8, hrsg. von Dr. Eduard Gans, Berlin, 1833).\n\n163","previous_page":162,"next_page":164}