{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":177,"pdf_page":230,"physical_index":230,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3da4a2bc05219c5b7be594d5ec8c6d1163672fa8103a865ae88a795c0c07905d"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"济学研究之后的思想。\n\n我认为，马克思与赫斯、青年恩格斯和蒲鲁东的深度交往是他研究经济学最直接的导因。这主要是指我们前面专门分析过的青年恩格斯、赫斯和蒲鲁东社会主义观念的重要影响。从当时的情况来看，赫斯与青年恩格斯的思想主要都表现为在并不深入的经济学研讨之上所进行的哲学政治批判。不过，二者又有一定的区别，赫斯是人本主义哲学逻辑占主导，而青年恩格斯的思路却是从经济学现实逻辑出发的。在政治立场上，他们都是“哲学共产主义”，即法国的社会主义加上德国古典哲学(主要是黑格尔的总体性观点①)，也正由于此，青年恩格斯当时断言共产主义是德国哲学的必然结果。②如前所述，蒲鲁东已经站在肯定劳动价值论的基础上对资产阶级社会进行批判了(《什么是所有权》)，但相形之下，蒲鲁东的法权社会主义由于肯定劳动价值论而有一定的深度。其实，蒲鲁东基于劳动创造财富的观点使青年马克思对市民社会(资本主义)的看法发生了重大的转变。马克思虽然不同意蒲鲁东的政治观点，但他已经意识到蒲鲁东的劳动工人在经济分配中的不公显然远远深刻于自己那个法人与市民分裂的政治异化逻辑(《黑格尔法哲学批判》)。我们已经看到，青年恩格斯的思想也是在傅立叶类似的劳动为基础的“社会哲学”观念影响下转到社会主义的立场上的。马克思在1843年7月以后，与蒲鲁东进行了频繁而直接的交往。1843年10月，马克思到达巴黎之后，他们两人更是常常通宵达旦地争论。这时，由于马克思的思想更接近于赫斯和青年恩格斯，所以这种争论常常表现为哲学共产主义与经济学(法权)社会主义之间的辩论。\n\n在此，我将马克思这里的阅读语境中的认知结构区分为焦点意识和支援意识。焦点意识即为马克思直接有意图的前台理论目的，在这里主要是否定资产阶级经济学家所肯定的东西。在马克思《巴黎笔记》的读书进程中，他的直接目的是颠覆资产阶级政治经济学家所指认为合理事实的东西，这无疑是一种简单的颠倒阅读法。支援意识是指在亚意图层面上支持马克思完成认知过程的后台性语境，它主要有两个层面：第一个层面是直接性的参考背景，这是指赫斯、青年恩格斯和蒲鲁东对国民经济学的批判及其社会主义。青年恩格斯与赫斯是共产主义，而蒲鲁东则是西斯蒙第式的小资产阶级的社会主义。从对笔记前期摘录的内容来看，马克思主要是受到恩格斯的影响。卢森贝正确地指出了恩格斯《国民经济学批判大纲》对马克思的影响。他写道：“马克思大部分对摘录的意见，是追随恩格斯的，有时甚至逐字都追随着恩格斯”①。第二个层面是处于更深层次的费尔巴哈和黑格尔的哲学逻辑，而且主要是费尔巴哈的哲学人本主义(不仅仅是自然唯物主义)。②我已经指出过，此时马克思哲学思想中的权力话语是费尔巴哈的人本异化史观逻辑。③用麦克莱伦的话来说，即“在马克思所有的《巴黎笔记》中，费尔巴哈的人本主义也占据着完全核心的地位”④。但是，在《巴黎笔记》这一阅读进程的主要路径中，马克思的哲学话语却基本上处于沉默状态。\n\n第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现\n\n①在半个多世纪之后，这又成为青年卢卡奇的逻辑起点。参见[匈]卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》杜章智、任立、燕宏远译，商务印书馆1992年版。\n\n②参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第1卷，人民出版社1956年版，第575页。\n\n177","previous_page":176,"next_page":178}