{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":190,"pdf_page":243,"physical_index":243,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"21e861a45a04799cdb570a3389cb7291d1f915db185a20c10f69fdd315a966c9"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"在第二部分的摘录中，马克思对两段摘录没有什么具体的评说。接下去是对特拉西《意识形态原理》第四至五卷(经济学内容)的近30段摘录，马克思也没有发表任何评论。\n\n在下一个笔记本中，马克思开始摘录一些德国经济学家的论著，其中包括舒兹、李斯特和欧西安德尔的四本书。在对舒兹和欧西安德尔的摘录中，马克思同样没有发表任何议论。而在对李斯特的书摘中，马克思只有一处评论，马克思写道：李斯特先生的全部根据都是适合于私有制的，他在一国范围内部接受现行的资产阶级理论。他只是在对外贸易方面才同这种理论有所区别。而且，马克思还批评李斯特重视分工与生产力的种种细节，“却不把工人与雇主加以区别，而在雇主之间加以区别”②。可以看到，此时马克思遭遇经济学意义上的分工和生产力概念时，他并没有意识到这些重要的范畴将来会成为自己创立全新历史唯物主义方法论的支援背景。其实客观地说，李斯特的经济学还是有他的独特之处的，这就是李斯特站在德国资产阶级的立场上，以一种维护本国私有者利益的“国家经济学”来对抗古典经济学的所谓“世界主义经济学”。李斯特批评从魁奈开始并由斯密和萨伊所坚持的普遍自由贸易观点的虚假性，他抓住了经济发展的特殊性，即如果各个国家的生产力发展水平不同，也就不可能在国与国之间真正发生“放任的”的自由贸易与交换。因为，如果在落后的德国与发达的英国之间进行经济运作，真正获利的只会是英国(资产者)，所以经济研究的本质只能是具体的国家，它应关注“某一国家，处于世界目前形势以及它自己的特有国际关系下，怎样来维持并改进它的经济状况”①。而自由贸易式的世界主义，只有在多数国家在工业、文化等各方面都达到相近程度时才可能真正实现。李斯特在该书第二篇第十三章“国家商业活动的划分与国家生产能力的联合”中深刻指出，分工也可以被视为“劳动的联合(Vereinigung derArbeit)”，因为“许多个人之间有不同商业活动的划分，同时也有各种活动(Thätigkeiten)、智慧(Einsichten)和力量(Kräfte)为一种共同生产(gemeinschaftlichen Production)而实行的结合(Conföderation)或联合(Vereinigung)。这些活动的生产力(Productivität)的基础不仅仅在于前面那种划分(Theilung)，根本上还在于后面这种联合(Vereinigung)”。②显然，李斯特这里关于分工和生产力的观点已经大大深过斯密了。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①参见本书第九章第一节第五目的讨论。\n\n②[德]马克思：《李斯特《政治经济学的国民体系〉一书摘要》，Karl Marx，Historisch ökonomische Studien, Pariser, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2), IV/2, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1981,S. 529.\n\n190","previous_page":189,"next_page":191}