{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":192,"pdf_page":245,"physical_index":245,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"94a173942759460e339414dfcd4dc3163917555ab3154462277af8ec8146df30"},"chapter":"第二章 经济学语境中哲学话语的沉默与凸现","content":"第一卷的摘录是以“章”为概括要点的。在第一章的一开始，马克思就发现了李嘉图与萨伊(萨伊正是该书法文版的注释者)在价值问题上的区别，并且他开始能够对经济学的一些问题发表相当“专业”的看法了。我们可以感受到，马克思似乎已经觉察到，相对于斯密和萨伊，李嘉图的经济学观点更彻底、更“露骨”。马克思在对第15页和第16页摘录时，使用了“卓越”和“出色”这样的溢美之词。当马克思在第17页上看到“资本也是劳动”这句熟悉的话时，他直接在思想前台引述了蒲鲁东对私有制的批判。我们看到，在接下来的几乎所有的摘录中，马克思已经开始有能力对经济学的具体理论内容进行批注，甚至还出现了不少极其出色的思想发挥。马克思在如此短暂的时期内就进入一个全新的专业学科视域，这种疾风迅雷般的快速变化是极其罕见的。当然我也要说，此时的马克思手中还没有科学的方法，那么，马克思是通过什么来对话李嘉图的呢?\n\n在第二章关于地租问题的摘录中，马克思针对萨伊附录中的一个注释(原书第84页)发表了一个关于经济学问题的看法。马克思提出，斯密认为自然价格是由工资、地租和利润组成，可他赞成蒲鲁东的意见：“一切物品的价格都太贵了”(蒲鲁东并不正确)，所以，“工资、地租和利润的自然率完全取决于习惯或垄断，归根到底取决于竞争，而不是由土地、资本和劳动的性质中发展而来的。因此，生产费用本身是由竞争而不是由生产决定的”①。很遗憾，马克思错了，正由于他没有理解斯密的劳动价值论，因而他此时也无法真正弄懂这里的经济学问题。后来在1847年的《哲学的贫困》中，马克思才站在古典经济学的立场上批判了蒲鲁东经济学理论上的混乱和非科学。因为，资产阶级社会的竞争只是实现商品价值的手段。在下面的第四章的评论中，马克思遇到了一个与此相似的问题。这里，他同时批评斯密和李嘉图所使用的“自然价格”概念，因为“国民经济学所涉及的仅仅是市场价格。所以这些物品便不再联系它们的生产费用来考察，生产费用便不再联系人来考察，而是整个生产联系买卖来考察”①。这样，在资产阶级社会经济过程中，竞争成了归根到底的决定方面。显然，这种竞争决定论的观点还是不准确的。显而易见，马克思这里的这种观点与恩格斯《国民经济学批判大纲》中的相近表述是十分接近的。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①[德]马克思：《李嘉图〈政治经济学及赋税原理〉一书摘要》(以下简称《李嘉图摘要》)，KarlMarx, Historisch-ökonomische Studien, Pariser, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2),Ⅳ/2,Text，Berlin：DietzVerlag，1981,S.401。中译文参见《巴黎笔记选译》，王福民译，《马克思恩格斯研究资料汇编》，书目文献出版社1982年版，第34页。——本书作者第二版注。\n\n192","previous_page":191,"next_page":193}