{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":241,"pdf_page":294,"physical_index":294,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ddf524dc122070f039a18a2c46a4943efe90c884ab0d148ce377397c8434839d"},"chapter":"第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境","content":"它把私有财产在现实中所经历的物质过程（materiellenProzeβ)，放进一般的、抽象的公式，然后又把这些公式当作规律(Gesetze)。它不理解这些规律，也就是说，它没有指明这些规律是怎样从私有财产的本质（Wesen desPrivateigentums）中产生出来的。②\n\n我们必须注意马克思在这段话中三处标记重点号的地方：一是“物质过程”。他标注出“物质”是指与本质相异质的现实客观存在，也是社会现象。二是“规律”。他认为国民经济学不顾竞争和复杂的经济活动，它所抽象出来的以一般的无人身的劳动(自然价值)和偶然性为基础的东西(价值规律)实际上是虚假的本质。三是“不理解”。因为国民经济学以私有制为前提，对现存的一切现实不会也无法更深地提出制度合理性问题，所以它仅仅是致力于弄清如何发财的“致富学”技术。换句话说，他们是在“把应当论证的东西当作前提”。从更深层次看，蒲鲁东(和青年恩格斯)虽然在批判国民经济学，可是却仍然停留在既成的已经被歪曲的经济现象上，因而根本不可能真正理解问题的实质，进而无法理解资产阶级社会私有制的本质规律。在这里，马克思试图透过复杂的经济现象，真正站在无产阶级立场上，从现象的“本质联系”出发，在更深层次上揭露资产阶级社会经济的本质。这是马克思的一种新的批判话语的起点：人学现象学。与费尔巴哈的人学现象学迥然不同，它是马克思自己的人本主义社会现象学。\n\n众所周知，古典意义上的哲学现象学问题发端于康德，它承接了休谟的经验怀疑论。外部世界在康德那里一分为二:其一是感性经验的现象世界，其二是自在之物(Ding an sich)。如上所述，在黑格尔那里，批判的、辩证的哲学现象学弥合了分裂的世界，这一次，真实的物质存在倒被指认为现象，绝对观念则成了本质。黑格尔让我们唯心主义地“透过现象看本质”！直至费尔巴哈的人本学现象学，黑格尔颠倒了的世界被再一次重新颠倒过来，在宗教神学和黑格尔的思辨唯心主义假象被剥离之后，感性的物质世界和人的生活才呈现出来，异化为圣灵的人与人的真正关系才从假象中被揭示出来。而通过赫斯的经济异化论，马克思还是旨在说明，我们所看到的资产阶级经济世界是虚假的、颠倒的和异化的，他则要透过现象重新挖掘和揭示出社会本质。这是一种新的批判现象学的基本思路。在一定的意义上，马克思离赫斯更近一点，可他的这个哲学批判理论更加系统和深刻。后面我们将看到，在对黑格尔的现象学批判里，马克思直接指认了自己的人学现象学(本章第四节)。\n\n第三章人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境\n\n①②《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第89页。\n\n241","previous_page":240,"next_page":242}