{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":248,"pdf_page":301,"physical_index":301,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a7dd29e3800660ddf06c9178365d941b218375432ed76c8c2075a119b4f53144"},"chapter":"第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境","content":"动物只生产它自己或它的幼仔所直接需要的东西；动物的生产是片面的，而人的生产是全面的(Mensch universellproduziert)；动物只是在直接的肉体需要的支配下生产，而人甚至不受肉体需要的支配也进行生产，并且只有不受这种需要的支配时才进行真正的生产；动物只生产自身，而人再生产(reproduziert)整个自然界；动物的产品直接同它的肉体相联系，而人则自由地对待自己的产品。动物只是按照它所属的那个种的尺度和需要来建造，而人却懂得按照任何一个种的尺度来进行生产，并且懂得怎样处处都把内在的尺度运用到对象上去；因此，人也按照美的规律来建造。②\n\n同样，人的劳动产品，他所创造的对象世界，是人的对象化的类本质即人化的自然界。正是在改造对象世界中，人才真正地证明了自己是类存在物。这种生产是人的能动的类生活。在这一点上，马克思已经异质于赫斯的交往类本质。通过这种生产，自然界才表现为他的作品和他的现实。因此，劳动的对象化也是人的类生活的对象化：人不仅像在意识中那样理智地复制自己，而且能动地、现实地实现自己，从而在他所创造的世界中直观自身。而“异化劳动把这种关系颠倒过来”，使人的这种生命的表现畸变为“仅仅维持自己生存的手段”；同时，异化劳动也从人那里夺去了他生产的对象，也就从人那里夺去了他的类生活，把人对动物所具有的优点变成了缺点，这二者与人相异化，成为人的异化了的类本质。①这个“类”却与人类个体相对立。我注意到，马克思在这里没有再提到前面《穆勒笔记》中那个“类”与货币的直接关系。可能这里的是真正的哲学抽象了。上文所论述的是现象学批判的第三个层面，即类本质层面。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第96页。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第96—97页。\n\n248","previous_page":247,"next_page":249}