{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":254,"pdf_page":307,"physical_index":307,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"274e4e60ec83db45ce78b0dba1a7ac539afb7e2b1a63b5735f91367f8c066cbb"},"chapter":"第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境","content":"通过对第三笔记本刚开始的前三段的“补入”分析，我们不难发现，马克思在第二笔记本的第36页已经在阐述与劳动对立的资本的本质了。而第39页则应该是在讨论劳动和资本对立的扬弃问题。但后一个补入在更大程度上已经是另一种意义上的理论“华彩”了。\n\n下面，我们开始对第二笔记的残片进行文本解读。\n\n在第二笔记本这条残存片断的开始处，马克思分析了作为资本存在的已经属于资本家所有的劳动者的活劳动。他认为，这是“一种活的、因而是贫困的资本”和作为这种特殊资本的“利息”—工资。②在这时的马克思眼里，资产阶级社会运动使人不正常地畸变为“劳动者”，即在商业竞争中与资本同在的异化了的商品人。“作为资本，劳动者的价值按照需求和供给而增长，而且，从肉体上说来，他的定在(Dasein)、他的生命也同其他任何商品(Ware)一样，过去和现在都被看成是商品的供给”③。马克思这时还不可能正确地认识到，劳动者从农民到工人的转变是一种历史的进步，并且，在资产阶级社会经济交换关系中的劳动者并不是商品，因为与资本交换的只是劳动力商品，工资不过是劳动力的价值。此时，马克思还是坚持西斯蒙第和赫斯的结论：国民经济学是非人的学问。因为它不关心“没有被雇佣(unbeschäftigten)的劳动人”，“生产不仅把人当作商品(Ware)、当作商品人(Menschenware)、当作具有商品的规定的人生产出来；它依照这个规定把人当作精神上和肉体上非人化的存在物(entmenschtesWesen)生产出来”④。同时，也是在这个批判的意义上，马克思立刻以反讽的口吻说，“李嘉图、穆勒等人比斯密和萨伊进了一大步，他们把人的定在(Dasein des Menschen)—人生产这种商品的或高或低的生产率说成是无关紧要的，甚至是有害的”①。这个所谓的进步不过是人之外的事物的进步，即生产的进步和财富积累的进步。在人本主义话语统摄之下的马克思并不是在肯定的意义上指认这点的。可是我们必须指出，承认这种客观进步恰恰是以后历史唯物主义科学逻辑的出发点。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第138页。\n\n②参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第104页。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第104页。此处原中译文将Dasein译作“存在”，我改译为“定在”。参见 Karl Marx，Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte，Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe ( MEGA2 ), I /2, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1982,S.248。——本书作者第三版注。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第105页。\n\n254","previous_page":253,"next_page":255}