{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":268,"pdf_page":321,"physical_index":321,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b977ef668a9d48aeff628d9dad2b5c895e35e534c57648f8e7ca8c7745ae15e9"},"chapter":"第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境","content":"在分析马克思的“社会”规定之前，还应该指出在他思想中的另一个重要变化，这种变化恰恰是我们理解马克思社会规定的前提和原发地。我发现，实际上经过第二笔记本对政治经济学的哲学批判，马克思的思想正在不知不觉地发生一种变化，即开始真正将革命的基础置于现实的历史发展之上，而不是简单地以抽象的应该存在的本质(价值悬设)来对峙于历史现实。马克思说，共产主义正是历史的结果。“因此，历史(Geschichte)的全部运动，既是这种共产主义的现实的产生活动即它的经验定在(empirischenDasein)的诞生活动，同时，对它的能思维的意识说来，又是它的被理解到和被认识到的生成运动。”①请大家注意这个观点与黑格尔绝对观念在历史中实现的目的论之间的关系。接下来的一句话是极为关键的，它预示着马克思后来那种新世界观和科学社会主义的真正起点：“不难看到，整个革命运动必然在私有财产的运动中，即在经济中，为自己既找到经验的基础，也找到理论的基础。”②这个观点，显然是与第一笔记第二部分的人本主义逻辑相异质的。我觉得，一旦马克思意识到这个逻辑矛盾，他就必然会放弃和中断这一手稿的写作。\n\n如上所述，在《1844年手稿》的逻辑运演中，马克思在总体上始终是以他的人学逻辑去抨击资产阶级社会经济过程中的劳动异化现象的，但当他越贴近经济实际也就越不自觉地从现实出发，从社会历史发展的真实基础出发了。刚才我们看到的那一段表述就是这种情况的一种表征。在接下来的一些十分具体的分析中，马克思无意识地提出了这样的观点：物质资料的生产是人的最基本的生产(“人的实现或现实”)，而“宗教、家庭、国家、法、道德、科学、艺术等等，都不过是生产的一些特殊的方式(besondereWeisender Produktion)，并且受生产的普遍规律(allgemeinesGesetz)的支配”①。这里的“生产的普遍规律”显然不是指什么“人的类本质”，而是指称经济学已经确认的社会发展的客观法则。它是一种十分重要的新理论生长点，一种新理论思考逻辑。固然这种思路此时在总体上依然受到人本主义异化史观的统摄，但它已经开始随着马克思对经济学的深入挖掘而越来越明晰而鲜活起来。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第120页。此处原中译文将Dasein译作“存在”，我改译为“定在”。——本书作者第三版注。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第120—121页。\n\n268","previous_page":267,"next_page":269}