{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":285,"pdf_page":338,"physical_index":338,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"caaae7ed0dc888a0fb1a8b073c913205a2359562d4cf4de3a6b7770810f2eac5"},"chapter":"第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境","content":"“(3）他把基于自身并且积极地以自身为基础的肯定的东西同自称是绝对的肯定的东西的那个否定的否定(Negation der Negation)对立起来。”①费尔巴哈的“第三个功绩”是较难理解的。因为黑格尔是从绝对的和不变的抽象本质出发(这也就是过去基督神学的那个绝对本质的理论变形)，并且是通过绝对观念(实体)的异化和扬弃(否定之否定)而达到肯定。而费尔巴哈则将黑格尔颠倒过来，直接从感性确定的东西(肯定)出发，“扬弃了无限的东西，设定了现实的、感性的、实在的、有限的、特殊的东西(哲学，宗教和神学的扬弃)”②。同样需要加以说明的是，马克思这时所肯定的费尔巴哈的那种直接的、现实的、感性的东西实际上是有缺陷的。因为，马克思此时面对的资产阶级社会经济现实(关系)是不能通过感性的东西直接把握的，并且它还是以颠倒的形式表现出来的。就像我们在第一章中所讨论的那样，从这一点出发，黑格尔的颠倒的绝对抽象，正好是对应于市民社会的颠倒的现实抽象的。对此，马克思也同样不可能意识到。\n\n我以为，固然马克思此时已经表示对费尔巴哈要采取“批判态度”，但他并没有意识到费尔巴哈哲学正确的唯物主义立场背后的人本主义逻辑内在的非历史性的根本错误，由此他也不可能察觉到黑格尔唯心主义错误背后的历史辩证法的深刻性。在后来的《德意志意识形态》一书中，马克思这样评论黑格尔：“如果人们要像黑格尔那样第一次为全部历史和现代世界创造一个全面的结构，那末没有广泛的实证知识，没有对经验历史的探究(哪怕是一些片断的探究)，没有巨大的精力和远见，是不可能的。”①更重要的是，马克思在这里还没有将费尔巴哈的一般唯物主义与政治经济学中的社会唯物主义逻辑加以界划并联结起来。如果将这时对青年黑格尔派的批判与1845年以后的《德意志意识形态》一书中马克思对同一主题的论说进行比较，我们会发现它们之间存在重大的异质性。前者的批判焦点是一般的哲学唯心主义，所依据的是费尔巴哈，所思考的重点是要求界划唯物主义哲学家与黑格尔的理论界限；后者的批判焦点则是历史唯心主义，却主要批判费尔巴哈，其重点旨在说明所有暂学家与客观经济生活的现实关系。\n\n第三章 人本学劳动异化史观与走向客观经济现实的复调语境\n\n①②《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第158页。\n\n285","previous_page":284,"next_page":286}