{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":312,"pdf_page":365,"physical_index":365,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1794ef215bb1839ea4e8ecfa99e4c5ec4e9513eea65ac2891ac64f05200ef46b"},"chapter":"第四章 马克思主义哲学革命前夜的实验性文本","content":"同时，也正由此，马克思认为，法国社会主义者傅立叶是直接从这种法国唯物主义出发的，巴贝夫也是从这里启程的。而英国的边沁是根据爱尔维修的道德学建立了他的“正确理解的利益的体系”，欧文则从边沁出发去认证英国的共产主义。①在当时的马克思看来，“比较有科学根据的法国共产主义者德萨米、盖伊等人，像欧文一样，也把唯物主义学说当作现实的人道主义学说和共产主义的逻辑基础加以发展”②。\n\n讨论到这里，我们不得不打住，先来认真剖析一下马克思这里的理论论证。当拉宾说，马克思这里的关于哲学史的分析“还是不完整的、片断性的”时，他是正确的。③我以为，马克思在这里还无法科学地区分不同种类的唯物主义。他的这种以人本主义逻辑尺度界划的唯物主义派别实际上是存在问题的。以我之见，在马克思此时的理论运作中，实际上在不同层面不同意识地存在着两种唯物主义。第一种是我们前面多次专门指认的存在于政治经济学中的社会唯物主义，当然它没有在这一段哲学讨论中出现。甚至马克思在讨论霍布斯和洛克时，并没有意识到英国唯物主义与政治经济学的关系。虽然他在提到狄德罗时也涉及重农学派。我们在马克思前面的经济学讨论中实际上看到了这种唯物主义倾向的隐现。下面我们还将说明马克思在不讨论哲学问题时所表现出来的一种新的唯物主义倾向。第二种是自然唯物主义，其中又可分为肇始于培根的经验论的唯物主义和发端于笛卡尔的理性唯物主义。我注意到马克思这里的分析正好是颠倒的。因为其实人本主义的唯物主义并不是在经验论唯物主义的基础上形成的。法国的有人学倾向的唯物主义与费尔巴哈的人本主义都不是建立在经验的基础之上，恰恰相反，他们的思想都是天赋人权之人类理性主义的逻辑演绎。因为，经验论在现实社会存在中只能是面对资产阶级社会的感性现实，而当时已经出现的一种理论联结线索是:英国经验论的唯物主义——资产阶级古典经济学中英国经济学的社会主义。但是，这条重要的理论线索直至后来的关于《布鲁塞尔笔记》和《曼彻斯特笔记》的写作时才呈现在马克思的视域之中。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第2卷，人民出版社1957年版，第167页。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第2卷，人民出版社1957年版，第167—168页。\n\n③参见[苏]纳尔斯基等《十九世纪的马克思主义哲学》上册，金顺福、贾泽林等译，中国社会科学出版社1984年版，第177页。\n\n312","previous_page":311,"next_page":313}