{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":331,"pdf_page":384,"physical_index":384,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4a1eaf4ab18cc88a067ce25dfc29c9026cac253c23a9438c747ab05281253762"},"chapter":"第四章 马克思主义哲学革命前夜的实验性文本","content":"当然，我们还要先说明一点，作为一篇经济学文献，从整体上看，马克思这一文本中经济学研究的总体水平仍然没有超出《神圣家族》，因为马克思这个时候对古典经济学的态度并没有根本改变。从文本中我们可以看到，马克思对古典经济学仍然持否定态度，但初步有了一些细微的变化。他认为，“英国和法国的资产阶级通过最初的(至少在他们统治初期的)国民经济学的学术代言人，把财富奉为神明，并在学术上也无情地把一切献给财富”。马克思仍然称这种理论是“坦率的古典的犬儒主义”。①因为，这种学说“无耻地泄露了财富的秘密”，把“竞争和自由贸易的现代资产阶级社会作为前提条件”。②马克思认为，现代经济学是从竞争的社会制度出发的。自由劳动，即间接的自我出卖的奴隶制是它的原则。它的最初原理是分工和机器，而分工和机器只有在工厂中才能达到自己的最高发展，所以，“现代国民经济学是从工厂即从它的创造性的原则出发的”。③下面我们将具体分析，马克思这时将资产阶级社会生产关系与工业(工厂)等同起来是不准确的，这也与他不能区分生产关系与生产力的观点如出一辙。可是我们也能体会到，此时马克思已经能够历史地看到，“李嘉图的地租学说无非是工业资产者为反对地主而进行的生死斗争在经济学上的表现”④，并且，“日益增长的生产同整个国家的特别是各个阶级的收入之间的不相称”，这种状况导致了西斯蒙第的经济学批判。⑤从更深一层的经济学理论研究的角度来看，马克思已经明确意识到，“交换价值完全不以物质财富’的特殊性质为转移。它既不以物质财富的质量为转移，也不以物质财富的数量为转移”。更重要的是，马克思已经明确指出，“把物质财富变为交换价值是现存社会制度的结果，是发达的私有制社会的结果。废除交换价值就是废除私有制和私有财富”①。上述这些观点，与《1844年手稿》和《神圣家族》相比，都向前更进了一步。有意思的是，马克思在这里居然已经提到李斯特的经济观点是“囿于旧经济学的经济偏见”，可新经济学究竟是什么，他并没有界说。②\n\n第四章 马克思主义哲学革命前夜的实验性文本\n\n①参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第240页。\n\n②参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第241页。\n\n③参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第260页。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第247页。\n\n⑤参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第42卷，人民出版社1979年版，第246页。\n\n331","previous_page":330,"next_page":332}