{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":354,"pdf_page":407,"physical_index":407,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"42fca86a82ebe16428cee79adfe25339807b05432e46526052851eaa0953ea12"},"chapter":"第四章 马克思主义哲学革命前夜的实验性文本","content":"同时，在这里的支援性背景中还有值得我们注意的另一个文本，即恩格斯在不久前(1844年11月19日)写给马克思的一封信。它是在现有文本中马克思和恩格斯第一次提到施蒂纳的《唯一者及其所有物》(1844年10月底在莱比锡出版)一书。在这封信中，恩格斯认为施蒂纳用个人(利己主义的“我”)代替费尔巴哈的人(类)是对的，而且是“重要的”，并提出要“把它翻转过来之后，在它上面继续进行建设”。那么如何翻转呢？恩格斯此时提供的思路是：“如果要使我们的思想，尤其是要使我们的人’成为某种真实的东西，我们就必须从经验主义和唯物主义出发；我们必须从个别物中引伸出普遍物”②。我以为，对于恩格斯的这一想法马克思基本赞成，但也会有一定的保留。施蒂纳对费尔巴哈人本主义逻辑的根本性批判，当然极大地震动了马克思，这是他最终根本背离人本主义的原因之一，同时施蒂纳的利己主义的“我”也的确是马克思恩格斯后来形成“现实的个人”的批判性出发点。侯才博士在他的《青年黑格尔派与早期马克思思想的发展》一书中，已经注意到这一问题。参见该书关于马克思与施蒂纳一章的论述。③我们在下一章中还会专门讨论这点，但仅仅如此还是不够的。在我看来，马克思可能对这封信的后半部分更感兴趣。在信中恩格斯告诉马克思，施蒂纳的问题在于“从唯心主义的抽象概念跳到了唯物主义的抽象概念”，而赫斯可能是“出于原先对唯心主义的忠心”，“痛骂经验主义”，“在他谈到理论问题时，总是把一切归结为范畴，因此他也无法通俗地表述，他过于抽象了”。④因此，恩格斯说，如果我们“去研究真实的、活生生的事物，研究历史的发展和结局，那么情况就完全不同”①。我想，恩格斯这最后一段话“正中”马克思“下怀”。这大概也是马克思后来说恩格斯从另一条道路“独立地”发现了新世界观的缘由。我再接着假设，马克思接到恩格斯这封信后，特别是在读了施蒂纳的《唯一者及其所有物》一书后，给恩格斯写了一封信，并告诉他自己的看法，这才有了恩格斯表示赞同马克思观点的1845年1月20日的那封信。②同时，马克思在研究法国革命和国家问题(《国民公会史》)及写作《评李斯特》一文的过程中形成了一些新想法，于是先写下《笔记本中的札记》，不久又写下著名的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》。这就是他的第三个也是最重要的革命性思想实验。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①参见拙著《问题式、症候阅读与意识形态一关于阿尔都塞的一种文本学解读》，中央编译出版社2003年版，第二章。—本书作者第二版注。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第13页。\n\n③参见侯才《青年黑格尔派与早期马克思思想的发展》，中国社会科学出版社1994年版。\n\n④参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第13页。\n\n354","previous_page":353,"next_page":355}