{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":36,"pdf_page":89,"physical_index":89,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2e6490436afc2a288854e8d961ab1ea33d61559e427a222efa0deb9a034b3f80"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"其次，早期政治经济学的理论运作自觉或不自觉地以社会物质生产作为整个社会生活的基础，并且，他们或多或少地开始把研究的重心放在从社会活动中抽象出来的社会关系和运动规律上。这正是后来马克思恩格斯创立历史唯物主义的真正理论基础。这里包含了两个重要理论质点：一是物质生产，二是从社会生活中抽象出来的社会关系。前者是从重商主义到重农主义的过渡(流通领域到生产领域的转变)中实现的理论转变，也是斯密和李嘉图奠定其学科理论基础的前提。因为对于全部古典经济学而言，物质生产的基础性是与劳动价值论联系在一起的。关于这一理论质点，我们在下面还会做进一步的分析，在此我们只对第二个要点进行一些研讨。\n\n为了确证这种立论，我们可以暂时将关注点回归到本节最先接触到的配第。在过去的经济学学说史上，不少学者根据配第自己的表述，将其定位为着眼于“可见的”事实的经验唯物主义者。我发现，正是这个“可见的”一词，需要我们认真分析。也就是说，我们必须追问配第所说的在社会历史现象中的可见的东西究竟是什么？是实体性的自然环境，还是各种实在的物性人工物品？为此，我们可以先来看一个实例。在说明17世纪爱尔兰现实生活的不平等时，配第十分具体地以当时每所房屋上的烟囱数作为例证：在爱尔兰20万住户中，有16万户没有固定烟囱，2.4万户只有1个烟囱，1.6万户有1个以上烟囱，而爱尔兰总督府(都伯林堡)上却有125个烟囱！在这里，他并非是仅仅想要说明一种可见物品(烟囱)的统计学上的数字，而是想通过可见的物质实体来揭示一种非实体的社会关系之不公正的本质。这是一种从可见的直观出发抽象出来的看不见的社会关系！很显然，配第这里是要用可见的生活事实说明一种并不能直观的社会事实。我发现，这才是古典经济学哲学前提的真正缘起。因此，当我们说配第是完全站在唯物主义立场上时，还应再追问这个唯物主义的方法论实质是什么？\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n36","previous_page":35,"next_page":37}