{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":364,"pdf_page":417,"physical_index":417,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"43613baa57eedb0d05964d067f6fe0221eceed8eb784afaf9b42f9984b31a1e4"},"chapter":"第四章 马克思主义哲学革命前夜的实验性文本","content":"我以为，它的语境可能不会如此单薄。即便是认识论，恐怕它也并不像传统上所理解的仅仅作为真理标准的实践尺度那样简单。与上述我们讨论过的马克思第一思想实验中的第二点相关，这也包含了在实践基础之上对黑格尔现象学认识辩证法的重新肯定。此时马克思发现，思维的客观真理性，并不是像费尔巴哈那样简单地颠倒主谓逻辑关系就能解决的，因为其中蕴藏着一个实践的历史结构的问题。根据《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第一条的逻辑，原来那种“他本人”的主观认知活动实际上是以实践的感性活动为基础的，这样，黑格尔的错误首先是把人的物质实践变成人的认知活动，再把这种认知活动及结构变成逻辑本质，实践的此岸性就等于概念的彼岸性。由此，康德是被谁骗过去的！可费尔巴哈把黑格尔颠倒过来的同时却顾此失彼:实践同样被抛弃了，思维被立于感性直观的物相(抽象的人与自然)之上了，概念的彼岸性与客观现实一起被打倒了。这样，康德是被绕过去的。马克思说，思维的此岸性和现实性是一个实践的问题，费尔巴哈的物相(客体与直观对象)恰恰是实践造就的此岸性，历史的现实的具体的社会实践又是一座正在通向彼岸的桥梁。\n\n更重要的方面是，马克思这一新认识论的基础同样必须从他此时的经济学研究来反观。如果仅仅将实践视为人的一般感性活动，并以此作为认识基础，那么这仍然是在哲学逻辑中完成的说明。这就会使人把个人的行为指认为实践，进而也把现存的一般社会物质活动、政治斗争直指为实践，并以此来确证认识的真伪性。其实，这都不是马克思对实践最深层的科学界定，因为在马克思此时的《布鲁塞尔笔记》A的前期研究中，在古代经济发展与现代资产阶级社会经济发展的对比性观察里，他已经在着眼于思考社会经济进程中真正变革世界的现代工业生产。因为，如果说，在农业社会自然经济中的物质生产的本质还只是依附于自然运动之上的经过加工和获得优选后的自然产品，人类主体还是自然过程中的被动受体，那么，在现代资产阶级社会商品经济中，经济世界已经成为人的工业生产的直接创造结果，工业实践活动及其实践结构已经成为我们周围世界客体结构的重要构件，自然物质对象第一次成为人类主体全面支配的客体，财富第一次真正摆脱自然的原初性，而在社会实践的重构中成为“社会财富”。我们不再在自然经济中简单直观地面对自然对象，而是能动地面对工业实践和交换市场关系的产物。物相第一次直接成为人类实践的世界图景，人们通过能动的工业(科学技术)实践，更深刻地超越感性直观，掌握周围物质世界越来越丰富的本质和规律。这才是马克思实践标准的真实社会历史内涵，也正是在这里，康德的现象学认识论和黑格尔的唯心主义认识论才被彻底驳倒了，他们的认识论中最重要的合理内核才被科学地批判继承了。可见，在马克思那里，实践标准本身有其深刻的历史意向。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n364","previous_page":363,"next_page":365}