{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":430,"pdf_page":483,"physical_index":483,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"69254988b1dcd0d86e9ac7828d952a314824cbae3d403ad014c4a1124487af73"},"chapter":"第五章 马克思哲学新视域建构的重要理论参照系","content":"人们甚至还是不能把握物质生产(die materialle Production)的全部过程。人们更多只是强调了这一过程的一个环节，它作为劳动产生了将社会交换容纳进自身的商品，为此，劳动的特殊工具得到了证明。但是人们忽视了生产率和消费率是如何相互决定的，以及在此基础上每种特定的生产方式(jede besondere Producionsweise)如何通过特定的消费方式被决定；人们在这上面忽略的恰恰是活生生的个体性(Individualität)完整的政治和社会意义。②\n\n说实话，刚看到这一段表述真是大吃一惊，“劳动”、“社会交换”、“商品”、“物质生产”、“生产率”、“特定的生产方式”，以及“活生生的个体性”。这不是在马克思之前就已经形成了历史唯物主义的最重要的话语了吗？格拉布就认为，“舒尔茨通过将他那个时代里市民社会很早就获得的关于社会结构对生产方式和方法的依赖的认识，有效地运用到之前的历史时代，并成功地发展出了一种对于历史唯物主义的形成产生了巨大影响的历史观”③。这个评价有些过了。但是，你静下心来仔细看，就会发现舒尔茨的这种观点与马克思历史唯物主义的差异。第一，首先我们必须承认舒尔茨此处已经使用了精准的生产方式概念，这是一个了不起的理论节点，但是我们可以发现，舒尔茨这里的特殊的生产方式是由消费方式决定的狭义的资本主义商品经济的生产方式。在本书中，舒尔茨两次使用Producionsweise。后面我们将看到，在此书中，舒尔茨还原创性地提出了生产力(productive Kräfte)和生产关系(Verhältnisse derProduction)①的概念。这足以构成马克思恩格斯后来创立历史唯物主义生产力一生产关系一生产方式话语的重要词语来源。②第二，他混同了作为社会生活基础的物质生产与具体生产过程中的生产和消费环节。第三，他无法辨识将社会交换纳入商品的资本主义经济的历史性。这一点，正好与他的所谓“自然发生”的资产阶级自然法意识形态观念相一致。也就是说，舒尔茨的物质生产概念并不是一个科学的概念，他与马克思恩格斯创立的广义历史唯物主义物质生产概念是异质的。当然，舒尔茨的观点肯定促使马克思和恩格斯对物质生产问题引起了关注。此外，他还批评人们“只看到了生产和消费的物质方面，而没有对精神的创造和社会条件给予足够的重视”。这可能是他后面提出精神生产的缘由。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①②[德]舒尔茨：《生产运动》，李乾坤译，南京大学出版社2019年版，第7页。\n\n③[德]瓦尔特·格拉布：《一个给予马克思灵感的人:威尔海姆·舒尔茨，乔治·毕希纳的同路人、保罗教堂的民主主义者》，转引自[德]舒尔茨《生产运动》，李乾坤译，南京大学出版社2019年版，第189页。\n\n430","previous_page":429,"next_page":431}