{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":482,"pdf_page":535,"physical_index":535,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"99bb6f92bfe5c6384fc4de2059dff30d9d12acd33d21399360e84d882d107716"},"chapter":"第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构","content":"在以往的解读中，马克思的这一界说被诠释为，费尔巴哈在自然观中是唯物主义，在历史观中是唯心主义，因此恩格斯说费尔巴哈是“半截子”的唯物主义。我以为，这种理解并没有呈现马克思这里的真实语境。关键还是在于对何为历史的理解。根据我们上面的解读，马克思的历史规定不仅仅是指狭义的社会历史领域，而且是在哲学本体的语境中确认人类现实的社会实践进程构筑的历史性进程。因此，马克思这里批评费尔巴哈的唯物主义的第一个方面，是试图说明他面对物质世界时，根本没有意识到，只要是人去面对自然物质，就永远只能是“从这些自然基础以及它们在历史进程中由于人们的活动而发生的变更出发”③，即经过一定的社会实践中介了的自然存在。费尔巴哈虽然承认了自然物质的第一性，但这个自然物质却被设定为是可以直接达及的、不变的东西，马克思当然承认“外部自然界的优先地位（diePriorität der äuβerenNatur)”④，但他还要告诉我们，人类视域中的自然界总是历史的。青年卢卡奇将这一点夸大成“自然是一个社会范畴”，就造成了某种本体论越界，简单地否定“自然辩证法”则是其逻辑必然。马克思的原意并非如此，他只是想说明，自人类产生以来，进入实践境域中的客体自然对象只能是随着人的历史情境逐步呈现出来。如上所述，这是马克思对康德命题的科学解决。⑤由此，费尔巴哈自然唯物主义本身在更深的层面上还是历史唯心主义，因为一切旧唯物主义自然观中的直观物质都是一种非历史的主观假定。①\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①②[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第22页。\n\n③[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第10页。\n\n④[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第21页。参见Marx/Engels，Die deutsche Ideologie,MEW, Bd. 3, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1969, S. 44.\n\n⑤参见[匈]卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》，杜章智、任立、燕宏远译，商务印书馆1992年版，第318页。\n\n482","previous_page":481,"next_page":483}