{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":485,"pdf_page":538,"physical_index":538,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3e3f1c8bcbe42e59ac0cd044005fa79751014f16a00c124e3bd7822a9d845ebc"},"chapter":"第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构","content":"也会很快就没有了。①\n\n在《德意志意识形态》后面的第二卷对真正的社会主义的批判中，马克思深刻地指出，“在任何时代社会都不是自然界的正确的反映”，可谓一语破的。②这是由于，所谓“人类的自然联系’是每天都在被人们改造着的历史的产物，这种产物向来都是十分自然的，虽然它不仅在人，看来，而且在任何一个革命后代看来，都会显得多么惨无人道和违反自然”③。并且，在对施蒂纳的批判中，马克思还直接指认费尔巴哈的错误并不是他唯物主义地看到自然与人的“实在”，“而在于他以唯心主义的方式(idealisierenderWeise)使之独立化了，没有把它看作是历史发展的一定的、暂时的阶段的产物（Produkteiner bestimmtenundüberschreitbaren historischen Entwicklungsstufe)”。④显然，从劳动活动出发，从生产出发，从工业和商业出发，来阐释我们身边的这个周围世界，这种逻辑无法从过去的任何哲学唯物主义中导引出来，而是马克思承认古典经济学中的社会唯物主义观念的直接结果。\n\n同时我还要指出，在1845年7—8月马克思写下《曼彻斯特笔记》之后，李嘉图式的社会主义经济学家的观点，特别是他们对资产阶级社会的基于现实经济变革之上的批判思路，此时也极大地影响了马克思。由此，马克思才直接提出，他的新世界观同时就是一种基于历史变革之上的实践的唯物主义，而“对实践的唯物主义(praktischenMaterialisten)即共产主义者来说，全部问题都在于使现存世界革命化，实际地反对并改变现存的事物”①。这也意味着，历史唯物主义另一个根本性的要义就是人类社会实践所造成的历史客观变易，这也是彻底的唯物主义历史辩证法的真实基础。所以，马克思又批评费尔巴哈之类的唯物主义哲学家，“在共产主义的唯物主义者看到改造工业和社会结构的必要性和条件的地方，他却重新陷入唯心主义”②。这也就是说，仅仅看到社会生活中客观存在优先还不是历史唯物主义，历史唯物主义的逻辑本身就要求不断地客观改变现存历史。\n\n第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构\n\n①[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第21页。从手稿原文上看，此段文字是由恩格斯从栏外补入的。参见[日]广松涉《文献学语境中的《德意志意识形态》》，彭曦译，南京大学出版社2005年版，第19页。中译文原将此处的Existenz译为“存在”，我改译作“生存”。参见 Marx/Engels,Die deutsche Ideologie, MEW，Bd. 3， Text， Berlin:DietzVerlag，1969，S.44。——本书作者第三版注。\n\n②参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第3卷，人民出版社1960年版，第562页。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第3卷，人民出版社1960年版，第567页。\n\n④参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第3卷，人民出版社1960年版，第580页。——本书作者第三版注。\n\n485","previous_page":484,"next_page":486}